《巴勒莫议定书》中人口贩运被害人身份的认定  

Consideration on Identification of Victims of Human Trafficking in the Context of Palermo Protocol

作　　者：宋佳宁 王楠楠 Song Jianing;Wang Nannan

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学法学院

出　　处：《厦门大学法律评论》2024年第2期153-170,共18页Xiamen University Law Review

摘　　要：人口贩运被害人身份认定问题是被害人保护的前提与核心,也是目前国际社会保护人口贩运被害人人权面临的一大挑战。《巴勒莫议定书》作为第一个专门规定人口贩运的国际文件,第一次明晰了“人口贩运”的定义,对人口贩运被害人身份认定具有重要意义。以《巴勒莫议定书》为切入点,结合其他国际文件,总结人口贩运被害人相关概念与其身份认定标准,找出《巴勒莫议定书》下人口贩运被害人身份认定尚存的难题。提出弥补《巴勒莫议定书》现行立法瑕疵,明确“人口贩运”各定义要素、增补人口贩运被害人身份认定规范、明确被害人非罪化原则等建议;同时,鼓励各缔约国在立法标准上向《巴勒莫议定书》靠拢,以国家转介机制为平台,健全人口贩运被害人身份认定程序机制,加强执法培训。The identification of victims of human trafficking is an essential step in rescuing and protecting victims.However,the act of identifying victims also poses a major challenge to the international community with regards to protecting the human rights of the victims.Palermo Protocol is the first legally bindinginternational instrument specifically regulating human trafficking.For the first time,that protocol provided a clear definition of human trafficking,which is indispensable to the identification of trafficked persons.In this paper,we start with Palermo Protocol as a foundation and then combine it with other international documents.We summarizedthe relevant concepts and identification standards for victims of human trafficking and identified some limitations of Palermo Protocol in the identification of victims of human trafficking.Recommendations are proposed in this paper to remedy the current legislative flaws of Palermo Protocol,clarify the elements of the definition of human trafficking,supplement the rules for the identification of victims,and clarify the principle of non-criminalization of victims.Furthermore,all signatory parties are encouraged to move closer to Palermo Protocol in terms of legislative standards,use the national referral mechanism to improve the identification procedure and strengthen law enforcement training.

关 键 词：《巴勒莫议定书》 人口贩运 被害人身份认定 

分 类 号：D997.9[政治法律—刑法学] D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]