合伙之诉的规范基础及其展开  

The Foundation of Actio Pro Socio and Its Development

作　　者：叶玮昱 Ye Weiyu

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学

出　　处：《厦门大学法律评论》2024年第2期47-60,共14页Xiamen University Law Review

摘　　要：合伙之诉是指合伙人为合伙利益以自己的名义起诉主张合伙债权。合伙之诉源自罗马法,英美法只规定了有限合伙人派生诉讼,该规则是股东派生诉讼外溢的结果,而欧陆法将合伙之诉视为适用于一切人合组织的原生现象。我国合伙立法受英美法影响较大,《合伙企业法》第68条第2款第7项规定了有限合伙人派生诉讼,但法律并未明确其他类型合伙的合伙人能否代为起诉主张合伙债权。一般认为合伙分为契约型合伙和组织型合伙,契约型合伙是合伙人之间单纯的债权债务关系,合伙债权是合伙人的连带债权,合伙人可以以连带债权人的身份起诉。组织型合伙属于非法人组织,享有权利能力、当事人能力以及独立的合伙财产。当组织型合伙的事务执行合伙人怠于起诉主张合伙债权时,其他合伙人享有诉讼实施权,该权利可以被视为其他合伙人紧急管理权在诉讼法上的映射。组织型合伙的合伙之诉也是一种派生诉讼,与股东派生诉讼分享相似的法理基础和规则。此外,一种能够涵盖合伙之诉和股东派生诉讼的成员派生诉讼制度不仅合理并且是可行的。With actio pro socio is a partner able to sue in his own name for the partnership's interest.Actio pro socio comes from the Roman law,the common law accepted the opinion from classic Roman law and merely stipulated limited partner derivative suits.Differs form common law has civil law formed a unique opinion,that actio pro socio is a universal rule in law of partnership.Article 68 Partnership Enterprise Law of the People's Republic of China established the limited partner derivative suits.However,it is unclear,whether if other kind partners could with this rule sue the debtor of partnership.Ordinarily divide all partnerships in two categories,form of contract and form of organization.The former is regarded purely as relationship of partners,they owned partnership's property directly and sue for the creditor's right in name of co-creditor.The latter is qualified as unincorporated organization,established with capacity for civil rights.When the executive partner is fails to exercise his responsibility,obtain other partners a right to bring action.This right could be regarded either as a reflection of a right to handle the emergency or as expansion of shareholder derivative suit.Actio pro socio in an organized partnership is also a derivative suit,sharing similar jurisprudential bases and rules as shareholder derivative suit.

关 键 词：合伙之诉 合伙分类 连带债权 诉讼实施权 成员派生诉讼 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]