刑罚正当根据的理论提升与实践面向  

The Theoretical Improvement and Practical Orientation of the Legitimacy of Punishment

作　　者：刘鹿鸣 Liu Luming

机构地区：[1]最高人民检察院检察理论研究所学术部

出　　处：《厦门大学法律评论》2024年第2期11-46,共36页Xiamen University Law Review

摘　　要：当前对刑罚正当根据的研究,囿于报应论与预防论的讨论范式,难以兼顾理论一贯与实践导向。法确证与法恢复说借助“国家—市民社会”的二元结构,发现了刑法中行为规范的作用机理,并以此为框架展开理论建构:在国家层面,规范面向类型化的社会角色施展普遍效力,当行为规范被犯罪行为破坏时,要以刑罚(确证刑)确证行为规范的本来效力,揭示恢复规范效力的充分条件;在市民社会层面·行为规范面向形象饱满的个体,在普遍适用的前提下于适用效果之中显现个体差异,根据犯罪人同市民社会交往的具体状况随时确认规范效力的恢复情况,将确证刑调整为恢复规范效力充分且必要的刑罚(恢复刑)。法确证与法恢复说不仅在理论上逻辑自洽,还能够为司法实践提供具体指导。The current researches on the legitimacy of punishment have been confined by the discussing paradigm between the Theory of Retribution and the Theory of Prevention,which is difficult to take both logical unity and practice into consideration.With the help of the“State-Civil Society”,the Theory of Norm-Confirmationand Norm-Restoration has found the action mechanism of norms in the criminal law and carried out the theoretical construction:At the“State”level,the norm exerts universal force on the typed social roles.When the norm violated by the crime,the original normative force should be confirmed by penalty(Confirmatory Penalty),while revealing the sufficient condition for restoring the normative force.At the“Civil Society”level,the norm is oriented to precisely individuals and takes individual differences into consideration while being applied under the universal force.When the norm violated by the crime,it is necessary to confirm the restoration level of the normative force at any time according to the specific communicative situation between the criminal and Civil Society.And then adjust the Confirmatory Penalty to a penalty that is sufficient and also necessary to restore the normative force(Restorative Penalty).The Theory of Norm-Confirmation and Norm-Recovery is logically self-appropriate in theory,and it can also provide specific guidance for judicial practice.What's more,it has enlight-ening significance for the linkage between the theory of punishment and the theory of crime,and the reform of the system of punishment.

关 键 词：刑罚正当根据 行为规范 报应 预防 量刑 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]