美德日航空应急救援体系比较及启示  

Comparison and Enlightenment of Aviation Emergency Rescue System in USA,Germany and Japan

作　　者：吴培熠 田卓冉 刘虎[2] Wu Peiyi;Tian Zhuoran;Liu Hu

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学人文社会科学学院(公共管理学院) [2]北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院

出　　处：《中国应急管理科学》2024年第12期81-95,共15页Journal of China Emergency Management Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(22YJC630157);第九届中国科协青年人才托举工程(2023QNRC001);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2024-HZ-08)

摘　　要：航空应急救援的发展符合国家重大战略需求,是提高突发事件应急处置能力、深化国家区域应急救援力量建设的应有之义。本文系统梳理当前国外航空应急救援实践动态,分析航空应急救援组织体制、运作机制、法制基础和保障系统,在此基础上提炼可供我国航空应急救援借鉴的经验。我国应当充分吸收各国的管理经验,完善航空应急救援体系建设:明确相关部门的职责权力,建立协调有力的组织体制;分区试点航空应急救援,探索敏捷高效的运作机制;加强顶层设计立法先行,形成健全规范的法制基础;鼓励支持配套产业发展,建设集约统筹的保障系统,形成航空应急救援的中国模式。The development of aviation emergency rescue is in line with the major strategic needs of the country,and is a necessary part of improving the capacity of disaster prevention,mitigation and relief,handling and guaranteeing major public emergencies,and strengthening the national and regional emergency response capacity building.This paper systematically reviews the current practice of aviation emergency rescue in foreign countries,analyzes the Organization System,operation mechanism,legal basis,and support system of aviation emergency rescue,and extracts the experience of aviation emergency rescue in China on this basis.China should fully absorb the management experience of other countries,improve the construction of aviation emergency rescue system.Clarify the responsibilities and powers of relevant departments and establish a coordinated and powerful organizational system;pilot aviation emergency rescue in zones to explore agile and efficient operating mechanisms;strengthen top-level design legislation first to form a sound and standardized legal basis;encourage and support the development of supporting industries and build an intensive and coordinated guarantee system.So as to form a Chinese model of aviation emergency rescue.

关 键 词：航空应急救援 国际经验 救援体系 组织体制 运作机制 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]