激进女性主义与歹托邦文学——夏洛特·吉尔曼的女性“疯癫”书写和女性共同体想象  

Radical Feminism and Dystopian Literature:Charlotte Gilman's Writing about Female“Madness”and Imagined Female Community

作　　者：许庆红[1] XU Qinghong

机构地区：[1]安徽大学外语学院

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2024年第6期119-129,共11页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划重点项目“19世纪美国女性文学中的女性共同体研究”(AHSKZ2019D015)

摘　　要：本文以共同体和乌托邦理论为视角,结合激进女性主义批评,探讨吉尔曼在《黄色墙纸》中的女性“疯癫”书写和《她乡》中建构的女性共同体。文章认为两者具有双轨性:既具有激进主义革命性,又避免不了歹托邦的负向价值。女性“疯癫”与女性共同体在一定层面上解构了父权话语,为女性身份及其主体性做了抗争。但是,两者并非真正意义上美好的乌托邦,而是一种极端形式的虚幻乌托邦,一个蕴含负向价值的歹托邦。“疯癫”是理性主义的对立面,终将不会被纳入社会主流话语体系;女性共同体将男性和其它种族他者化,重新陷入二元对立和本质主义的窠臼。作为19世纪末美国转型时期的知识女性,吉尔曼创作歹托邦文学,在展示社会和谐、自由与平等的正向愿景的同时,也意在警示极端乌托邦主义可能带来的恶果。In light of community and utopian theory combined with the radical feminist criticism,this paper explores female madness in Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper and imagined female community in Herland.The paper argues that these two concepts have their duality of radicalism and dystopia.Female madness and female community deconstruct the patriarchal discourse at a certain level and fight for the female identity and subjectivity.However,these two are not fine utopias in a real sense,but an extreme form of illusory utopias,or a dystopia containing negative values.Madness is the opposite of rationalism and will not be accepted in the mainstream discourse system.The female community,by otherizing men and other races,falls into the snare of dualism and essentialism.As an intellectual woman in the transitional period of the late 19th century America,Gilman created dystopian literature,which not only revealed the positive vision of social harmony,freedom and equality,but also aimed to warn the possible negative consequences of extreme utopianism.

关 键 词：夏洛特·吉尔曼 疯癫 女性共同体 激进女性主义 歹托邦文学 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]