进步与沉沦:申采浩和鲁迅笔下女性伦理身份  

“Making Progress”and“Sinking”:Women's Ethical Identities in Shin Chae-ho's and Lu Xun's Novels

作　　者：朴宰雨 林雪琪 PARK Jae Woo;LIN Xueqi

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学人文科学高等研究院 [2]韩国外国语大学

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2024年第6期58-67,共10页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

摘　　要：韩国申采浩和中国鲁迅同是生活在19世纪末到20世纪上半叶的代表性革命家、思想家和文学家。面对帝国主义和封建主义的双重压迫,他们在沉痛反思历史文化、艰难探索民族生存道路的过程中关注到了女性,刻画了有些觉醒意识的女性形象。申采浩笔下的女性大多出身底层,她们萌生觉醒意识并反抗不公的命运,成长为“进步”的女性“新国民”;鲁迅笔下部分觉醒女性一开始与旧社会抗争,但在封建礼教压迫和自身思想局限下逐渐“沉沦”“死亡”。他们笔下女性不同伦理身份嬗变的根源在于小说所呈现的伦理价值不同。前者渴望“复国”,以女性“新国民”号召全体国民关注民族沦亡,团结反抗日帝,谋求国家独立;后者主张“立人”,以女性的悲惨命运控诉封建礼教“吃人”传统,呼吁国民挣脱“铁屋子”束缚,重视经济,寻求女性解放的出路。这些不同点的研究是两人所处环境和创作立场的反映,也是文学伦理学批评对中韩文学作品比较研究的一个新视点。Shin Chae-ho and Lu Xun are revolutionary thinkers and literary figures of the late 19^(th) to the early 20^(th) centuries in Korea and China respectively.They laboriously examined the routes to national survival while deeply reflecting on history and culture under the combined oppressions of imperialism and feudalism.In this process,they began to focus on women,depicting female characters with a nascent sense of awakening.Shin's characters were mostly from lower social strata;they represented women who woke up to fight against their unfair circumstances and became“progressive”female“new citizens”.On the other hand,some of Lu Xun's waking women battled the old society at first,but eventually“perished”or“succumbed to”the constraints of ideology and feudal morality.Literary ethics criticism holds that the various ethical transformations of female characters in these works result from the various ethical values that these authors portray in their books.With the goal of“national restoration”,Shin rallied the populace by presenting the picture of the“new citizen”as a woman and encouraging her to resist Japanese imperialism and work towards independence.As an alternative,Lu Xun promoted“humanity's formation”,using the terrible fates of women to denounce the“cannibalistic”customs of feudal etiquette,calling on the people to escape the“iron house”,and stressing the importance of economic liberation as a means of achieving women's emancipation.These disparities reflect the authors'respective environments and creative stances and offer a fresh perspective in comparative literary ethics criticism between Korean and Chinese literature.

关 键 词：申采浩 鲁迅 女性 伦理身份 伦理价值 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]