多元交融下的护法神王——试析龙门石窟宾阳中洞过道神王图像源流  

The Protector God-King under the Fusion of Multi-culture:An Analysis of the Origin of the Spiritual King Images in the Aisle of Central Binyang Cave at Longmen Grottoes

作　　者：谷宏耀 Gu Hongyao

机构地区：[1]龙门石窟研究院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《石窟寺研究》2024年第1期103-116,共14页Studies of the Cave Temples

摘　　要：宾阳中洞过道的两身三头四臂神王,形象独特且少见,过去认为是大梵天和帝释天,但类似的图像并无先例。通过和同时期多头多臂神王的比较与分析,可以发现宾阳中洞神王的许多特征来自中亚地区。北朝晚期的粟特人墓葬中,常有类似的守护神图像。根据已有的研究成果,粟特人的此类守护神为祆教中的风神。由于摩醯首罗天和风神都源于印度的湿婆,因此宾阳中洞过道神王很可能借用了粟特人的风神图像。The two three-headed and four-armed spiritual king figures in the aisle of central Binyang Cave are unique and rare.In the past,they were believed to be Brahma and Indra,but there is no precedent for similar images.Through comparison and analysis with the multi-headed and multi-armed spiritual kings of the same period,it can be found that many characteristics of the spiritual kings of central Binyang Cave came from Central Asia.Similar images of protectors are often found in Sogdian tombs in the late Northern Dynasties.According to the past researches,the protectors of the Sogdians is the wind god in Zoroastrianism.Since Mahesvaraand the God of Wind are both derived from Shiva of Hinduism,the spiritual kings of the Aisle in central Binyang Cave may have borrowed the image of the God of Wind from the Sogdians.

关 键 词：宾阳中洞 三头四臂 中亚 摩醯首罗天 粟特 风神 

分 类 号：K879.23[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]