北非阿拉伯国家经济不平等问题探析——以埃及和突尼斯为例  

An Analysis of Economic Inequality in North African Arab Countries:A Case Study of Egypt and Tunisia

作　　者：白若萌[1] 王三义[2] BAI Ruomeng;WANG Sanyi

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院,030006 [2]上海大学文学院,200444

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2024年第10期43-59,共17页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中东经济通史”(21&ZD246)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文以埃及和突尼斯为例,对北非阿拉伯国家的经济发展不平等问题做出剖析。回溯和评析阿拉伯经国家经济不平等的研究文献之后,本文认为,经济发展不平等源自20世纪80年代后期以来阿拉伯国家施行的新自由主义改革,改革虽然推动了经济增长,但积累的结构性负面问题非常严重复杂。金融自由化之后虽然外来投资剧增,但外资局限于沿海地区的特定产业,没有带来国内产业上下游联动和技术提升,并经常伴随着大量资本外逃。私有化改革还导致出现官商合谋的大垄断集团,即阿拉伯裙带资本主义。21世纪以来不平等现象加剧,表现为区域不平等,即城乡之间、城市内部、城市与城市之间的发展鸿沟;还表现为群际不平等,在分配领域,相对于资本,劳动收入变得愈发弱势。综观这些国家四十余年的曲折发展,新自由主义理论存在极大局限。Taking Egypt and Tunisia as examples,analyze the issue of economic development inequality in Arab countries in North Africa.After reviewing and analyzing relevant research literature,the neoliberal reforms implemented by Arab countries since the 1980s,although they have promoted economic growth,have accumulated complex structural negative issues.After financial liberalization,although foreign investment increased sharply,it was limited to specific industries in coastal areas,which did not bring about upstream and downstream linkage and technological upgrading of domestic industries,and was often accompanied by capital flight.Privatization reform led to the emergence of Patrimonial Capitalism.Since 21st century,inequality has intensified,manifested as regional inequality,namely the development gap between rural areas and cities,within cities,and between cities,as well as inter group inequality.In the field of distribution,labor income has become increasingly vulnerable compared to capital.The next development of these countries should be based on their national conditions and focus on inclusive growth.

关 键 词：北非阿拉伯国家 不平等 新自由主义 

分 类 号：F141[经济管理—世界经济] K41[历史地理—历史学]