湖南省花岗岩型锂铷铌钽矿找矿模型及找矿方向  

Prospecting Model and Prospecting Direction of Granite-type Li-Rb-Nb-Ta Deposits in Hunan Province

作　　者：文春华 陈剑锋 孙骥 许以明 杨齐智 文一卓 许若潮 梁恩云 Wen Chunhua;Chen Jianfeng;Sun Ji;Xu Yiming;Yang Qizhi;Wen Yizhuo;Xu Ruochao;Liang Enyun(Geological Survey Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha Hunan 410114;Mineral Resources Investigation Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha Hunan 410129)

机构地区：[1]湖南省地质调查所,湖南长沙410114 [2]湖南省矿产资源调查所,湖南长沙410129

出　　处：《国土资源导刊》2024年第4期1-16,共16页Land & Resources Herald

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(编号:2023YFC2906405);湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目(编号:湘自资科20230102DZ);湖南省重点研发项目(编号:2019SK2261);湖南省地质院科研项目(编号:HNGSTP202317)

摘　　要：锂铷铌钽等稀有金属矿是战略性矿产资源,湖南省近年来取得了稀有金属找矿重大突破。在开展省内云英(斑)岩型锂铷铯矿、白(锂)云母花岗岩型锂铌钽矿、白(二)云母花岗岩型铷矿、蚀变云英岩型锂矿、云英岩-萤石脉型锂矿五种类型稀有金属矿床成矿特征研究时发现,矿床成矿时代主要集中在侏罗纪148~160 Ma和白垩纪晚期86~89 Ma,成矿物质主要源自岩浆,岩石Zr/Hf-Nb/Ta比值对复式花岗岩稀有金属成矿潜力具有指示作用,认为香花岭地区稀有金属花岗岩成矿潜力巨大。区内锂铷铌钽元素成矿差异性与岩浆高分异演化程度有关:(1)岩浆高分异演化的不同阶段依次形成白云母花岗岩为主的铷矿化、白(锂)云母花岗岩为主的铌钽矿化、云英岩为主的锂矿化(尖峰岭式);(2)岩浆分异演化晚期次补体富锂花岗岩侵入早期花岗岩体中形成云英岩锂铷矿(正冲式),或交代早期花岗岩形成蚀变花岗岩锂矿(辉山式);(3)岩浆演化期后热液在岩体顶部构造裂隙形成云英岩-萤石脉锂矿(界牌岭式)。由此建立花岗岩型稀有金属矿找矿模型,总结了矿物岩石组合特征和锂元素异常特征的花岗岩型稀有金属矿找矿标志,提出找矿方向建议。Rare metal deposits such as Lithium,Rubidium,Niobium,and Tantalum are strategic mineral resources.In recent years,Hunan province has achieved significant breakthroughs in rare metal prospecting.This article focuses on the study of the mineralization characteristics of five types of rare metal deposits in the province:greisen(porphyry)type lithiumrubidium-cesium deposits,muscovite(lithium)granite type lithium-niobium-tantalum deposits,muscovite(biotite)granite type rubidium deposits,altered greisen type lithium deposits,and greisen-fluorite vein type lithium deposits.The mineralization ages of these deposits are mainly concentrated in the Jurassic period(148-160 Ma)and the late Cretaceous period(86-89 Ma).The mineralization materials mainly originate from magma.The Zr/Hf-Nb/Ta ratio of rocks indicates the mineralization potential of rare metals in composite granites.It is believed that the mineralization potential of rare metal granites in the Xianghualing area is huge.The mineralization differences of lithium,rubidium,niobium,and tantalum elements in the area are related to the high differentiation evolution degree of magma:(1)Different stages of high differentiation evolution of magma successively form muscovite granite-dominated rubidium mineralization,muscovite(lithium)granite-dominated niobium-tantalum mineralization,and greisen-dominated lithium mineralization(Jianfengling type);(2)In the late stage of magma differentiation evolution,subordinate rich-lithium granite intrudes into early granite bodies to form greisen-lithium-rubidium deposits(Zhengchong type),or replaces early granite to form altered granite-lithium deposits(Huishan type);(3)After the magma evolution period,hydrothermal fluid forms greisen-fluorite vein-lithium deposits(Jiepailing type)in the structural fractures at the top of the rock body.Based on this,a prospecting model for granite-type rare metal deposits is established,summarizing the mineral-rock association characteristics and lithium element anomaly characteristics of granite-type ra

关 键 词：锂-铷-铌钽矿 稀有金属花岗岩 找矿模型 找矿方向 

分 类 号：P618.6[天文地球—矿床学]