“烈士”概念的源流考释与内涵演变  

The Origin of the Concept and the Evolution of the Connotation about“Martyr”

作　　者：覃姣媚 吴炜 Qin Jiaomei;Wu Wei

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《红色文化学刊》2024年第4期54-61,111,共9页Journal of Red Culture

摘　　要：“烈士”是中国本土衍生的标识性概念,历经近代以来政治文化的塑造不断变迁。先是经由谭嗣同的牺牲引发了革命、流血与“烈士”概念的连接,伴随辛亥革命和“主义”时代的来临,烈士开始转变为推动政治变革的代表性符号。中国共产党继承了马克思主义对牺牲的诠释,对“以身殉国”“以死殉义”等中国传统生死观进行了改造。在“为人民服务”话语下对烈士的语义内涵进行了重塑和推广,其正面意义日益凸显。新中国成立后,在国家建设的背景下,烈士语义不断由革命向建设进行转变。回顾“烈士”概念在不同历史时期的内涵外延、指涉范围及其嬗变历程,可以为新时代传承英烈精神,创新烈士褒扬工作提供指引。“Martyr”is a symbolic concept derived from China,which has undergone continuous changes in the shaping of political culture in modern times.First,through Tan Sitong’s sacrifice,the connection between revolution,bloodshed and the concept of“martyr”was triggered,and with the advent of the Xinhai Revolution and the era of doctrine“ism”,the martyr began to transform into a representative symbol of political change.The Communist Party of China has inherited the Marxist interpretation of sacrifice,reformed the traditional Chinese concept of life and death,such as“martyrdom for the country”and“martyrdom for righteousness”and discarded the“foolish loyalty”of martyrs.Under the discourse of“serving the people”,the semantic connotation of martyrs has been reshaped and promoted and its positive significance has become increasingly prominent.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,in the context of national construction,the semantics of martyrs continued to change from revolution to construction.Reviewing the connotation,extension,referential scope and transformation of the concept of“martyr”in different historical periods can provide guidance for inheriting the spirit of martyrs and innovating the work of praising martyrs in the new era.

关 键 词：烈士 烈士精神 英烈精神 红色基因 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学] G122[历史地理—中国史] D64[文化科学]