论拜登政府任内美国的太平洋岛国战略  

Discourses on the U.S.'s Pacific Islands Strategy under the Biden Administration

作　　者：葛泽坤 Ge Zekun

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《东亚评论》2024年第2期168-221,7-8,共56页East Asia Review

摘　　要：在拜登政府任内,美国显著提升对太平洋岛国地区的关注度,联合域内外盟友与伙伴打造了事实上针对中国的太平洋岛国战略。从体系性特征上看,拜登政府的太平洋岛国战略明确置于其“印太战略”的框架之下;呈现出鲜明的全政府模式特性;蕴含了浓重的军事色彩;植根于臆测的“大国间战略竞争”,中国因素较为凸显;且虽名义上宣称所谓“开放性与包容性”,实则针对中国进行定向排他,流露出浓厚的集团对抗色彩。从框架建构和政策对接上看,美国的太平洋岛国战略抓住日本这一重要盟友,相继从“本国单边”“美日双边”“美日韩三边”“美日印澳四边机制”“蓝色太平洋伙伴多边”推进同盟友与伙伴的协调合作。从对策略部署的影响上看,一方面,美国在拜登政府任内集中加强针对巴布亚新几内亚、所罗门群岛和“自由联合国家”的政策部署,为其面向太平洋岛国地区制定更为详细的政策规划奠定了坚实基础;另一方面,美国进一步将其联合盟友与伙伴在双边、小多边和多边维度下的政策配合推升至新的高度。此外,拜登政府的太平洋岛国战略也在“排他性的军事扩张”和“贸易发展机构的深入参与”两个方面深入影响该地区的内部局势。最后,本文总结了拜登政府太平洋岛国战略的突出缺陷,对特朗普第二任期的太平洋岛国战略的关注重点进行预测展望,进而围绕中国的应对之道提出了三项有针对性的政策启示。During the Biden administration,the United States significantly increases its attention towards the Pacific Islands region and forges de facto Chinatargeted Pacific Islands strategy jointly with its allies and partners within or outside the region.From a perspective of systematic features,the Biden administration's Pacific Islands strategy is clearly established under the framework of Indo-Pacific Strategy;shows up remarkable“the-whole-ofgovernment”feature,contains deep military background;is rooted upon so-called“self-proposed great power competition”and highly emphasizes the China factor;namely declares the so-called“openness and inclusiveness”but implements directed exclusiveness that targets China,exuding strong inclination of group confrontation.From the point of structure design and policy alignment,the U.S.'s Pacific Islands strategy relies on Japan as an important ally and proposes cooperation and coordination with allies and partners from respective levels of“unilateral polices”,“U.S.-Japan bilateral polices”,“U.S.-Japan-ROK trilateral policies”,“Quad mini-multilateral policies”and“Partners in the Blue Pacific multilateral policies”.From the impact on following policy deployment,on one hand,the Biden administration intensively strengthens policy deployment on Papua New Guinea,Solomon Islands and the“Freely Associated States”,forging solid foundation on formulating more detailed policy planning for the Pacific Islands region;on the other hand,the U.S.together with its allies and partners will push their bilateral,mini-multilateral and multilateral coordination to a new height.Furthermore,the Biden administration's Pacific Islands strategy also deeply influences the intra-region situation through the channels of“exclusive military expansion”and“trade development agencies'immersive engagement”.Lastly,this paper summarizes outstanding drawbacks of the Biden administration's Pacific Islands strategy,and launches forecasts and predictions about the focusing points of

关 键 词：美国太平洋岛国战略 美日双边合作 美日韩三边合作 美日印澳四边机制 蓝色太平洋伙伴多边合作 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D86[政治法律—外交学]