俄乌局势下北极地区国家间海洋划界争端的新变化及其原因  

New Changes in Maritime Delimitation Disputes Between Arctic States in the New Situation and Their Causes

作　　者：王树春 卢人琳[1] Wang Shuchun;Lu Renlin

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学国际关系学院 [2]广东外语外贸大学俄罗斯研究中心

出　　处：《东亚评论》2024年第2期106-143,6,共39页East Asia Review

摘　　要：2022年2月,俄乌局势出现新变化,两国关系迅速恶化。该事件的影响更是超越双边范畴,其“溢出效应”蔓延至北极地区,导致北极国家间的海洋划界争端发生相应改变。俄乌局势变化前,北极国家间就存在3条久未解决的海洋划界争端,即美国和加拿大在波弗特海海域的划界争端、美国和俄国(苏联)的白令海海域的划界争端以及俄罗斯、加拿大、丹麦三国关于罗蒙诺索夫海岭的主权权利归属争端。由于北极国家之间寻求通过外交谈判和签署协定来解决相关划界争端,因此双边关系在竞合中维持相对稳定。俄乌局势升级后,美国、俄罗斯和加拿大加快扩大其北极地区外大陆架界限,俄罗斯更加频繁公开提及重新考虑和退出相关协定,面对美国扩大大陆架的计划也表现出比加拿大更强硬的态度。北极海洋划界争端的新变化是北极地区安全局势恶化、北极地区多边和双边合作的缺失、美国在北极地区影响力的扩大和俄罗斯合作伙伴转向北极域外国家的趋势共同作用的结果。作为北极重要的利益攸关国,中国可在把握北极海洋划界争端走向的基础上,鼓励争端当事国优先以和平方式解决争端,推进北极地区的合作。In February 2022,new changes in the international situation led to corresponding changes in maritime delimitation disputes among Arctic countries.Before the change in the international situation,Arctic countries mainly resolved maritime delimitation disputes through diplomatic negotiations and the signing of agreements,and bilateral relations also maintained relative stability amid competition.After the change in the international situation,the United States,Russia and Canada have accelerated the expansion of the limits of their outer continental shelves in the Arctic region.Russia has more frequently and publicly mentioned considering withdrawing from relevant agreements,and has also shown a tougher attitude towards the United States'plan to expand its continental shelf than Canada.The new changes in the Arctic maritime delimitation dispute are the result of the combined effects of the deteriorating security situation in the Arctic,the lack of multilateral and bilateral cooperation in the Arctic,the expansion of US influence in the Arctic,and the trend of Russia's partners turning to countries outside the Arctic region.As an important stakeholder in the Arctic,China can,based on its understanding of the direction of the Arctic maritime delimitation dispute,encourage the countries involved in the dispute to give priority to resolving the dispute peacefully and promote cooperation in the Arctic region.

关 键 词：俄乌局势 北极地区 海洋划界争端 新变化 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系] D993.5[政治法律—政治学]