大国外交的逻辑——基于生态制度主义理论的解释框架与实证检验  

Logic of Great Power Diplomacy:A Theoretical Framework and Empirical Analysis Based on the Eco-institutionalism

作　　者：赵可金 赵丹阳 Zhao Kejin;Zhao Danyang

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院

出　　处：《东亚评论》2024年第2期75-105,5,共32页East Asia Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(22JJD810036)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：内政与外交的关系,一直是外交研究的核心问题。外交是内政的延伸,被认为是一国外交的根本逻辑。然而,这一逻辑在大国和中小国家之间存在重要差异,不同时期的大国在处理内政与外交关系时也呈现出显著差异。基于生态制度主义的理论视角,作者提出了“生态体系”的概念,综合生态体系与制度属性两个要素构建生态制度主义分析框架,通过对古代帝国外交、均势体系下的欧洲列国外交与冷战时期的美苏外交、多极格局下的新兴大国外交以及全球化时代的中美外交等案例研究发现,之所以存在大国外交逻辑的差异,核心原因是大国与中小国家在生态体系中所处的生态位不同。在封闭的生态体系下,由于面临竞争排除的安全困境,大国更强调国际政治而中小国家更强调国内政治;在开放的生态体系下,由于存在错位发展的合作空间,大国更强调国内政治而中小国家更强调国际政治。该发现不仅有助于学术界大国外交理论的进一步丰富,而且对开辟中国外交理论与实践新境界具有重要意义。The relationship between domestic politics and foreign policy has always been a central issue in the study of diplomacy.Diplomacy is an extension of domestic politics and is considered the fundamental logic of a country's foreign policy.However,this logic varies significantly between great powers and small and medium-sized countries.Relatively weaker countries tend to emphasize the primacy of domestic politics,while relatively stronger countries tend to prioritize foreign policy.Based on the theoretical perspective of ecological institutionalism,this paper introduces the concept of an“ecosystem”,and constructs an analytical framework of ecological institutionalism by integrating the elements of ecosystem and institutional attributes.Through case studies of ancient empires'diplomacy,the diplomacy of European states under the balance of power system,U.S.-Soviet diplomacy during the Cold War,the diplomacy of emerging great powers in a multipolar world,and Sino-American diplomacy in the era of globalization,the paper identifies that the differences in the logic of great power diplomacy can be fundamentally attributed to the different ecological niches that great powers and smaller states occupy within the ecosystem.In a closed ecosystem,facing the security dilemma of exclusion through competition,great powers emphasize international politics,while smaller states focus more on domestic politics.In an open ecosystem,with cooperative space for misaligned development,great powers emphasize domestic politics,while smaller states emphasize international politics.This finding not only contributes to the further enrichment of great power diplomacy theories in the academic field but also holds significant implications for advancing new perspectives in both Chinese foreign policy theory and practice.

关 键 词：外交 大国外交 中国特色大国外交 生态体系 生态制度主义政治学 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学] D822[政治法律—外交学]