丰水年施氮对白萝卜农田温室气体排放及土壤氮素分布影响  

Effects of nitrogen application on greenhouse gas emissions and soil nitrogen distribution in radish farmland during wet year

作　　者：徐可[1,4] 范海燕 刘娣 杨默远 刘洪禄 XU Ke;FAN Haiyan;LIU Di;YANG Moyuan;LIU Honglu(Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,China;Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute,Beijing 100048,China;Beijing Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency,Beijing 100048,China;China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学,江苏南京210024 [2]北京市水科学技术研究院,北京100048 [3]北京市非常规水资源开发利用与节水工程技术研究中心,北京100048 [4]中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司,广东广州510520

出　　处：《北京水务》2024年第6期24-31,共8页Beijing Water

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0408700)

摘　　要：为确定丰水年降水条件下白萝卜最优施氮策略,以露地白萝卜为研究对象,通过设置3个不同的施氮处理N_(1)、N_(2)和N_(3),分析施氮量对白萝卜农田产量、土壤氮素分布及N_(2)O等温室气体排放的影响。结果显示:过量降水会导致白萝卜减产,对照组产量相较于正常降水条件降低了9%,N_(1)、N_(2)和N_(3)3个施氮处理产量较对照组分别下降了25.2%、30.3%和31.9%;白萝卜氮素吸收量变化与产量变化相近,表现为施氮组吸收量低于对照组;施氮能大幅提升土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N含量,但对于土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量没有太大影响;N_(2)O释放速率受施氮及降雨影响,N_(1)、N_(2)和N_(3)的N_(2)O累计排放量分别为对照组的1.7、1.7及1.9倍;施氮能够显著提升全球增温潜势,提升幅度为每个生长季586.64~673.66 kgCO_(2)-eq/hm^(2);因此,白萝卜在降水量超作物需水量的情况下,不施氮是最优的降氮减排管理模式。To provide a basis for determining the optimal nitrogen application strategy for white radish during wet year,this research analyzed yield,nitrogen distribution in soil,and greenhouse gas emission in open-field white radish by setting up three different nitrogen application treatments:N_(1),N_(2),and N_(3).The results revealed that excessive precipitation could reduce the yield of white radish.Compared with the normal precipitation year,the yield of the control group decreased by 9%,and the yields of N_(1),N_(2)and N_(3)nitrogen treatments decreased by 25.2%,30.3%,and 31.9%compared with the control group.The changes of nitrogen absorption of white radish were similar to the change of yield,which showed that the nitrogen application group had a lower absorption than that of the control group.Nitrogen application could greatly increase soil nitrate nitrogen content,but had no obvious effect on soil ammonium nitrogen content.The release rate of N_(2)O was affected by nitrogen application and rainfall,and the cumulative emissions of N_(2)O from N_(1),N_(2)and N_(3)were 1.7,1.7 and 1.9 times that of the control group,respectively.Nitrogen application notably increased global warming potential(GWP)by 586.64~673.66 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2) per growing season,and the greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI)of white radish also rose significantly.Therefore,when precipitation exceeds the water demand of white radish,a strategy of non-nitrogen application is the optimal management mode.

关 键 词：白萝卜 产量 温室气体排放 土壤氮素分布 增温潜势 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]