“流动”的传统与“再造”的经典:从越南汉喃刊印本《家礼》看中国礼学的域外书写  

Fluid Tradition and Recreated Classics:Observing the Overseas Writing of Chinese Ritual Studies from the Vietnamese Han-nom Printed Version of Family Rituals

作　　者：彭卫民 Peng Weimin

机构地区：[1]湛江科技学院 [2]海南大学人文学院

出　　处：《朱子学研究》2024年第2期321-336,共16页Zhuism Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中越书籍交流研究(多卷本)”(项目编号:20&ZD333);国家社科基金一般项目“朱子〈家礼〉诠释史研究”(项目编号:21BZX065);“越南汉喃研究院藏稀见家礼文献整理与研究”(项目编号:22BSS028)

摘　　要：自明以降,东亚汉文化圈都面临着“礼下庶人”这一共同的“礼仪革命”。在此之际,朱熹《家礼》以及丘濬辑《家礼仪节》以“太山遍雨”的姿态流转东亚,承载着“化民成俗”“华夷一体”的文化使命。越南从十七世纪下半叶开始以这一经典为范本“再造”符合本土传统与风俗的丧祭礼书——《家礼捷径》《胡尚书家礼》与《寿梅家礼》。这三种文献在传承、修正中同时遵循了“天理之节文,人事之仪则”的理想文化模式与越南本土“礼以简约由中敬”的礼学实用主义。对汉喃刊印本《家礼》的初步考察,既是理解“素称文献”的大传统与“信鬼神重丧祭”的小传统彼此流动的重要媒介,也是在文化传播与习得、认同与变迁中观察中国礼学域外书写的重要窗口。Since the Ming Dynasty,the Sinosphere of East Asia has been confronted with the common“ritual reform”of“popularizing rituals to the common people”.During this period,Zhu Xi’s Family Rituals and the Rituals and Ceremonies of Family edited by Qiu Jun spread widely throughout East Asia,undertaking the cultural mission of“civilizing the public to form customs”and“integrating the Chinese and foreign peoples”.From the second half of the 17th century,Vietnam began to use this classic as a template to“recreate”a funerary ritual book that suited local traditions and customs,namely The Shortcut of Family Rites,Hu Shangshu’s Family Rites and Shoumei’s Family Rites.These three documents,in the process of inheritance and modification,adhered to the ideal cultural model of“the norm of heavenly principles,the criterion of human affairs”as well as the practical thought of Vietnamese local rituals that“rituals should be simple and come from a heart of respect”.The preliminary study of the Han-Nom printed version of Family Rituals is not only an important approach to understanding the mutual flow between the grand tradition,which has always been renowned for its literature,and the minor tradition of“believing in ghosts and gods and attaching importance to mourning and sacrifice”,but also a significant window for observing the writing situation of Chinese ritual studies abroad in the process of cultural dissemination and learning,identification and change.

关 键 词：汉喃刊印本《家礼》 大传统 小传统 越南 

分 类 号：K892.9[历史地理—民俗学] K893.33[历史地理—历史学]