秩序与道德:司马光历史视野下的礼治追求  

Order and Morality:the Pursuit of Confucian Rites in Sima Guang’s Historical Perspective

作　　者：杨志刚 陈力祥[1] Yang Zhigang;Chen Lixiang

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院

出　　处：《朱子学研究》2024年第2期356-373,共18页Zhuism Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国政治伦理思想通史”(项目编号:16ZDA103)

摘　　要：在以史为鉴的思维中,司马光在其政治思考中展现了对儒家礼治的推崇;但相较于理学家对价值本体的追寻,司马光对礼治的继承则源于对社会长治久安的向往。面对人的生存诉求,司马光肯定礼对于人之群体的必要,并在“安分而保常”的立意下明确了圣王制礼的价值。对礼治的理解,他延续了儒家的政教传统,但有别于由“内圣”开出“外王”的仁政理路,而是立足于对社会秩序的安顿展现出寓教于政的内在逻辑。对礼治的落实,司马光表达了对三代之治的向往却搁置了对王道理想的追求,他认为礼治的展开在于君主对王朝“祖宗之法”的遵循。相较于理学家充满道德理想主义的王道政治,司马光则在现实政治的考量中表明了他对儒家礼治的推崇。In the perspective of taking history as a mirror,Sima Guang manifested his advocacy of Confucian ritual governance in his political ideology.Nevertheless,in contrast to the pursuit of ontological value by the Neo-Confucianists,Sima Guang’s development of ritual governance stemmed from his aspiration for the longterm stability of society.In light of the imperative of human survival,Sima Guang affirmed the standardization of the Confucian rituals to social groups,emphasizing the indispensability of rituals for maintaining social order.Drawing upon the ideologies of Confucian rituals,Sima Guang seeked to achieve societal stability through both political governance and moral education.However,he did not adhere to the benevolent governance philosophy of“Neisheng|”leading to“Waiwang”,but demonstrated the logic of“Waiwang”promoting“Neisheng”,in consideration of the establishment of social order.In the implementation of the rule of ritual,Sima Guang expressed his admiration for the reigns of the Three Dynasties but shelved the pursuit of the way of the Three Dynasties.He believed that the success of ritual-based governance hinged on the monarch’s adherence to the dynasty’s“ancestral laws”that established the stabilization of the dynasty.So different from the moral idealism embodied in the Kingly Way by Neo-Confucianists,Sima Guang articulated his evolution of Confucian ritual governance rooted in the pragmatic political considerations.

关 键 词：司马光 礼 秩序 道德 祖宗之法 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] K892.9[历史地理—中国史]