海南省2019—2023年流感样病例流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness cases in Hainan Province from 2019-2023

作　　者：王南来 马宾 冯芳莉[1] 张玲 邱仁 谢永慧[1] 陈菁菁[1] 罗艳[1] 贾鹏本[1] WANG Nanlai;MA Bin;FENG Fangli;ZHANG Ling;QIU Ren;XIE Yonghui;CHEN Jingjing;LUO Yan;JIA Pengben(Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hainan Academy of Preventive MedicineHaikou,Hainan 571129,China;Danzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Danzhou,Hainan 571700,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南省预防医学科学院,海南海口571129 [2]儋州市疾病预防控制中心,海南儋州571700

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第12期1501-1506,共6页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.820MS158)

摘　　要：目的分析海南省流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)流行病学特征,为海南省流感防控提供科学依据。方法通过中国流感监测信息系统,收集海南省2019—2023年ILI哨点监测数据,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果海南省2019—2023年哨点医院流感样病例就诊百分比(ILI%)平均为3.25%,不同年份ILI%变化趋势有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(趋势)=5 528.340,P<0.05);ILI%具有明显季节性,流行峰值出现在4—6月、11—12月。流感样病例以0~<5岁组占比最高(38.38%,125 331/326 582),≥60岁年龄组最低(5.81%,18 975/326 582);ILI%地区分布以中部片区最高(4.39%,3 676/83 705),西部片区最低(2.66%,11 535/433 589),各区域ILI%差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5 201.647,P<0.05)。2019—2023年ILI流感病毒核酸总阳性率为13.69%,不同年度阳性率有差异(χ^(2)=1 263.707,P<0.05),各年度流行优势毒株不同,2019—2020年为甲型H1N1型、甲型H3亚型、Bv系之中2种或2种以上混合流行,2021—2023年为甲型H1N1型、甲型H3亚型、Bv系之中单一亚型作为优势毒株交替流行。流感病毒核酸阳性率以5~<15岁组最高(21.54%,2 138/9 928)。流感病毒核酸阳性率与ILI%呈正相关(r=0.748,P=0.005)。结论海南省2019—2023年流感样病例整体呈现先下降后上升趋势,高发于4—6月和11—12月,人群普遍易感,儿童青少年居多,各年流行优势毒株不同,提示流感防控重点关注儿童青少年人群,强化学校等重点场所流感监测与防控,在高发季节到来前针对重点人群、重点场所开展流感防控的科普与宣教。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza-like illness(ILI)cases in Hainan Province and provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control in Hainan Province.Methods The surveillance data of ILI in Hainan Province from 2019 to 2023 were collected through the China Influenza Surveillance Information System and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2019 to 2023,the average percentage of visits for influenza-like illness cases(ILI%)in sentinel hospitals was 3.25%.The trend of ILI%varied significantly each year(χ^(2)_(trend)=5528.340,P<0.05)and showed marked seasonality,with epidemic peaks occurring from April to June and November to December.The proportion of influenza-like cases was the highest in the 0 to<5 years old group(38.38%,125331/326582),and the lowest in the≥60 years old group(5.81%,18975/326582).Geographically,the central region had the highest ILI%(4.39%,3676/83705),while the western region had the lowest(2.66%,11535/433589),with significant differences between regions(χ^(2)=5201.647,P<0.05).The dominant strains varied each year;from 2019 to 2020,there was a mixed epidemic of two or more types,including H1N1,and H3 subtypes of influenza A,and Bv lineages.From 2021 to 2023,single subtypes such as H1N1,H3 subtypes,and Bv lineages alternated as dominant strains.The total positive rate of the nucleic acid of the ILI influenza virus from 2019 to 2023 was 13.69%,with variations across different years(χ^(2)=1263.707,P<0.05),and the dominant epidemic strains varied annually.The positive rate of influenza nucleic acid was the highest in the 5 to<15-year-old age group,accounting for 21.54%(2138/9928).The positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid was positively correlated with ILI%(r=0.748,P=0.005).Conclusions The overall trend of influenza-like illness in Hainan Province from 2019 to 2023 showed a decline followed by an increase,with high incidence from April to June and November to December,and high susceptibility among the general population,pr

关 键 词：海南省 流感样病例 流行特征分析 哨点监测 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]