“城中村”流动人口环境健康风险感知、政策认知与政策响应——基于上海的实证研究  

Environmental Sanitation Risk Perception,Policy Cognition and Responses to Policy by the Transient Population in“Villages in Downtown”——A Case Study in the City of Shanghai,China

作　　者：周向红[1] 刘婷[1] 李波[2] Zhou Xianghong;Liu Ting;Li bo

机构地区：[1]同济大学公共管理系 [2]合肥工业大学

出　　处：《公共管理与政策评论》2012年第2期58-64,共7页Public Administration and Policy Review

基　　金：美国社会科学研究协会、美国洛克菲勒兄弟南方基金会资助;国家自然科学基金项(71073111/G0308)资助

摘　　要：安全饮用水和环境卫生是人类健康生存必需的基本条件之一。本文以饮用水和环境卫生设施是否齐全、质量是否合格为例,作为测量环境健康风险的指标,以中国城市类贫民窟——"城中村"流动人口作为观察对象,对上海200份入户访谈问卷进行描述性统计分析,了解暴露于环境健康风险中最脆弱的人群——"城中村"流动人口对风险的感知情况;应用内容分析方法对从1999年1月1日到2010年12月31日与环境保护相关的2300多条政策法规进行梳理,判断中央政府对环境健康风险控制和应对的情况;并对上海的重要利益相关部门10位中层官员进行个案访谈研究,观察地方政府执行政策的阻力和动力。研究表明:环境健康风险领域政策未纳入城市规划,覆盖范围也未包括流动人口,公众接收信息的渠道仍局限于大众传播。预防和控制环境健康风险的政策、政策受众、执行层三者之间缺乏有机联系,一系列公共政策未达到预期效果。决策人员、公众借助大众媒介了解风险和知识,易被"议程设置"左右,应构建共同治理环境风险的网络联系和信任联系的平台,使决策更科学,减少一些不必要的失误;同时也使公众能够掌握相关知识以规避风险,克服一些非理性行为。Safe drinking water and environmental sanitation are basic indicators of healthy living conditions.In this study,we evaluated environmental health risks through investigating drinking water quality and environmental sanitation facilities in several specialized"villages in downtown"(VID)-mostly occupied by transient and poor populations-in Shanghai,the largest city in China.Specifically,we[1]visited 200 households with questionnaires to estimate VID inhabitants’senses to environmental and health-related issues,[2]collected and analyzed more than 2,300 laws and regulations about environmental protection rectified between Jan.1,1999 and Dec.31,2010,to evaluate the central government’s attempts to handle environmental health risks,and[3]interviewed 10 officials in various departments of Shanghai municipal government to measure the resistance during the practice of central and local governments’environmental and health-related policies.Results demonstrated that the environmental sanitation system in VID has been ignorant during city planning,and the VID inhabitants are not award of environmental issues through official pathways and are manly informed via mass media.In order to improve living conditions in VID and meet the standard set by public policies,an effective communication system among policy makers,policy executors,and VID inhabitants should be established.

关 键 词：城中村 流动人口 环境健康风险 风险认知 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学]