热射病院前急救专家共识(2024)  

Expert consensus on pre-hospital emergency management of heatstroke (2024)

作　　者：全军热射病防治专家组 中国老年保健协会急诊医学专业委员会 海南省医学会急诊医学分会 海南省医师协会急诊医师分会 宋青 王涛[3] 朱海燕[4] 赵悦 李晨[6] 王猛 陈玉剑 邢沁蕊 Expert Group on Heatstroke Prevention of Peoples'Liberation Army;Emergency Medicine Committee of the Chinese Aging Well Association;Society of Emergency Medicine of the Hainan Provincial Medical Association;College of Emergency Physicians of the Hainan Provincial Medical Doctor Association;Song Qing;Wang Tao;Zhu Haiyan;Zhao Yue(不详;the Center of Heatstroke Prevention and Treatment of Peoples'Liberation Army,Sanya 572000,Hainan,China;Department of Emergency Medicine,Hainan Hospital of Peoples'Liberation Army General Hospital,Sanya 572014,Hainan,China;Department of Emergency Medicine,First Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital,Beijing 100086,China;Graduate School of Peoples'Liberation Army Medical College,Beijing 100853,China)

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]军队热射病救治与研究中心,海南三亚572000 [3]解放军总医院海南医院急诊医学科,海南三亚572014 [4]解放军总医院第一医学中心急诊医学科,北京100086 [5]解放军医学院研究生院,北京100853 [6]解放军总医院海南医院急诊医学科 [7]解放军总医院海南医院重症医学科 [8]解放军总医院海南医院中心实验室

出　　处：《中华危重病急救医学》2025年第1期1-8,共8页Chinese Critical Care Medicine

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ202004);海南省临床重点学科建设项目(2022-33)。

摘　　要：高温高湿环境下发生的热射病,是一种威胁生命的急性热损伤性疾病,严重影响人类健康。及时有效的现场救治对于患者生存和预后至关重要,早期识别、快速评估和现场降温是热射病院前救治的核心。目前,热射病的院前急救尚缺乏规范的应用流程,进而影响到救治效果。由全军热射病防治专家组发起,联合地方院前急救、急诊、重症等专业的医师、护士、管理人员等,聚焦热射病的预防、现场及救护车上的处置、急诊室早期救治等方面,检索国内外循证医学证据及临床经验,展开反复讨论,提出建议,形成《热射病院前急救专家共识(2024)》,为科学规范地进行热射病的院前急救提供参考。本共识建议:做好全民热射病科普健康教育,提高热射病早期识别率和快速降温有效率是现场救治的关键;在热射病高风险行业、地区或季节,制定科学预案、开展实战培训能提供有效的安全保障;急救人员应开展专业知识技能训考,救护车应配备有效降温设备,医院需具备完善的急救能力;建议建立区域性热射病救治网络,优化急救资源配置和流程,以提升治疗效果和响应速度。Heatstroke,a life-threatening illness,poses a significant risk to human health,particularly in high-temperature and high-humidity environments.Timely and effective on-site management is critical for improving patient survival and prognosis.Rapid recognition,rapid assessment,and rapid cooling are the cornerstones of pre-hospital care.However,the absence of a standardized protocol for pre-hospital management of heatstroke has impeded the efficacy of treatment.This consensus,initiated by the Expert Group on Heatstroke Prevention of the People's Liberation Army,signifies a collaborative endeavor involving emergency medical personnel,nurses,and administrators from pre-hospital care,emergency departments,and intensive care units in both military and civilian domains.By systematically reviewing evidence-based medicine and clinical expertise in heatstroke prevention,on-site and in-transit care,as well as early treatment in emergency settings,the group has formulated the Expert consensus on pre-hospital emergency management of heatstroke(2024)after extensive discussions and iterative recommendations,which serve as a scientific and standardized framework for pre-hospital heatstroke emergency care.The consensus underscores the pivotal role of enhancing public awareness regarding heatstroke prevention and augmenting the rates of rapid recognition and rapid cooling for effective on-site heatstroke management.In high-risk industries,regions,or seasons for heatstroke,developing scientifically sound plans and conducting practical training can provide effective safety measures.Emergency personnel should undergo specialized training and assessments in knowledge and skills,ambulances should be equipped with effective cooling devices,and hospitals must maintain comprehensive emergency response capabilities.It is recommended to establish a regional heatstroke treatment network to optimize the allocation of emergency resources and streamline processes,thereby improving treatment outcomes and response times.

关 键 词：热射病 院前急救 早期救治 专家共识 

分 类 号：R594.11[医药卫生—内科学]