现代疫苗学赋能新突发病毒性传染病疫苗的快速“智造”——以猴痘疫情为例  

Modern vaccinology enables rapid“intelligent manufacturing”of vaccines for emerging infectious diseases:insight from the vaccine development during the Mpox outbreak

作　　者：郑婷婷 王寒 王奇慧[1] Tingting Zheng;Han Wang;Qihui Wang(CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Biomedical Engineering,College of Future Technology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]北京大学未来技术学院,生物医学工程系,北京100871

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第7期789-798,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82225021,32270157)的资助。

摘　　要：在人类与疾病的不懈斗争中,疫苗始终是捍卫生命健康的坚强盾牌.从古代的人痘接种术到现代疫苗学的飞速发展,再到人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)的融合创新,疫苗研发已经走过了从萌芽到迅猛发展的历程.然而,在当今人口密集、交通网络四通八达的现代社会,人与人之间、人与自然之间的交互达到了前所未有的频繁程度.Throughout the relentless struggle between humanity and disease,vaccines have remained a steadfast shield safeguarding life and health.From ancient practices like variolation of material from smallpox lesions in China or vaccination of cowpox material in the West to the rapid advancements in modern vaccinology and the innovative integration of artificial intelligence(AI),vaccine development has evolved from its rudimentary beginnings to a phase of accelerated progress.However,in today’s densely populated and highly interconnected world,the frequency of human-to-human and human-tonature interactions has escalated to unprecedented levels.This has led to an increased occurrence of emerging and reemerging viral infectious diseases,with viruses spreading more rapidly and extensively than ever before.In recent years,viruses such as SARS-CoV-2,the influenza virus,and the monkeypox virus(twice declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern,PHEIC)have posed unprecedented challenges to global health and have raised the bar for modern vaccine development in terms of safety,efficacy,and accessibility.Meanwhile,the rise of emerging technologies such as AI has introduced transformative capabilities to vaccine development,propelling the field into a new era of“intelligent manufacturing”.By leveraging a comprehensive understanding of immune responses induced by viruses and conducting in-depth analyses of viral virology and epidemiology characteristics—including transmission patterns,geographic distribution,high-risk populations,region of vaccine deployment,and required production capacities—we can tailor personalized strategies for diverse viral vaccine developments in terms of immunogen design,adjuvant development,vaccine platform,and delivery system selection.This precise and efficient vaccine development framework,“smart manufacturing”,not only enables rapid responses to emerging viral challenges but also facilitates the creation of safer,more potent,and more accessible novel vaccines against potent

关 键 词：病毒性传染病 疫苗学 疫苗研发 融合创新 人工智能 交通网络 人痘接种术 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]