核糖体介导的翻译调控与植物环境温度适应  

Ribosome-mediated translational regulation and environmental temperature adaptation in plants

作　　者：张笑凡 王震 周灿 曹晓风[1] Xiaofan Zhang;Zhen Wang;Can Zhou&Xiaofeng Cao(Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第7期807-815,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技创新2030-农业生物育种重大项目(2023ZD04073);国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0509903)资助。

摘　　要：基因表达是生物体内至关重要的过程,主要涉及DNA转录为RNA,再进一步翻译为蛋白质.这一过程复杂而精细,涵盖了转录及转录后调控、翻译调控及翻译后修饰等多个环节.核糖体作为细胞内的翻译机器,承担着解码信使RNA(mRNA)上的遗传信息,并将其翻译成多肽链,最终形成功能性蛋白质的功能.翻译调控在动植物的生长发育及逆境适应中起着至关重要的作用.作为固着生长的生物,植物为了应对外部环境的复杂温度变化,进化出一系列精细的调控机制.虽然在转录调控方面的研究相对成熟,但在翻译层面的探索仍显不足.本综述旨在总结核糖体介导的翻译调控在植物环境温度适应过程中的研究进展,帮助我们更深入地理解翻译调控在植物生理和环境适应中的关键作用.The regulation of gene expression is a multifaced process that encompasses transcription from DNA to RNA,and translation from RNA to protein.This intricate system involves multiple layers of regulation,including transcriptional,post-transcriptional,translational,and post-translational mechanisms.Plants,as sessile organisms,are particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in environmental conditions,with temperature being a key factor influencing their growth,development,and geographical distribution.Fluctuating temperature conditions can have a substantial impact on crop quality and yield,thereby posing severe challenges to agricultural production and food security.To cope with these variations,plants have developed sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to adapt to changing temperatures.However,the translational aspects of this process remain less explored.In this review,we summarize recent advancements in our understanding of translational regulation and its role in environmental adaptation in plants.Ribosome represents a central organelle during this process,essential for decoding the genetic code into functional proteins.Ribosome biogenesis,primarily occurring in the nucleolus,is one of the most complicated and energy-consuming processes within the cell.This process involves the transcription of pre-ribosomal RNAs(pre-rRNAs),and subsequent processing,modification,and assembly with ribosomal proteins,facilitated by numerous assembly factors.Once assembled,ribosomal subunits are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm,where they undergo final maturation,a critical step for forming fully functional ribosomes capable of executing translation.During translation,ribosomes utilize mRNA as a template,with transfer RNAs(tRNAs)delivering specific amino acids to the ribosome.There are lots of cisregulatory elements commonly present in mRNA affecting translation efficiency,including the 5ʹuntranslated region(5ʹUTR),3ʹUTR,5ʹCap(m7GpppN)at the 5ʹend,poly(A)tail at the 3ʹend;RNA secondary structure,upstream open reading

关 键 词：植物 温度响应 翻译调控 核糖体质量控制 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]