二氧化碳热力循环在新型能源系统应用中的研究现状与发展趋势  

Advances and development trend of carbon dioxide thermodynamic cycles applied in novel energy systems

作　　者：何雅玲 李梦杰 郭嘉琪 刘占斌 Ya-Ling He;Meng-Jie Li;Jia-Qi Guo;Zhan-Bin Liu(Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education,School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第7期872-887,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFB2406500);国家自然科学基金(52306273)资助。

摘　　要：新型能源系统的发展亟须突破传统能源系统的效率瓶颈,并提高清洁能源的消纳水平,而传统热力循环形式难以满足新型能源系统对高效性、经济性及灵活性的迫切需求.因此,发展新型热力循环对突破能源利用瓶颈具有重要意义.二氧化碳作为天然工质,在能量转化和能量存储方面具有经济、高效的优势,将二氧化碳热力循环应用于新型能源系统的潜力正被逐步挖掘.为阐明二氧化碳热力循环的应用前景,本文阐述了二氧化碳热力循环的分类、原理及特征,分析了其应用于发电领域和规模化储能领域的技术难点,总结了二氧化碳热力循环在不同发电和储能领域的研究现状和发展趋势,探索了在新型能源系统中应用的可行性.最后,对二氧化碳热力循环的未来技术发展方向提出了一些建议.To develop the novel energy system,it is necessary to break through the efficiency bottleneck of traditional energy systems,and improve the accommodation capacity of clean energy.However,traditional thermodynamic cycles make it difficult to meet the urgent demands of novel energy systems in terms of efficiency,cost,and flexibility.Therefore,the development of novel thermodynamic cycles is of great significance in addressing the challenges of energy utilization.As a natural working medium,carbon dioxide has economic and efficient advantages in energy conversion and energy storage,and the potential of applying carbon dioxide thermodynamic cycles to novel energy systems is being progressively explored.Benefiting from its high density,low viscosity and excellent heat transfer performance,the supercritical carbon dioxide provides high thermal efficiency and enables compact system designs in energy conversion systems.In the field of energy storage,carbon dioxide is easily liquefied,and its density is higher than air under the same state and pressure,which can reduce the storage volume.Therefore,energy storage technology based on carbon dioxide thermodynamic cycles can provide high-density and high-efficiency energy storage solutions for new energy systems.In order to elucidate the application prospects of carbon dioxide thermodynamic cycles,this paper systematically reviews the recent advancements in power generation and energy storage technology based on carbon dioxide thermodynamic cycles,and analyzes its key problems and challenges in the aspects of technology realization,system optimization and engineering application.Firstly,according to the distinct roles of the carbon dioxide working medium in the energy systems,we classify various carbon dioxide thermodynamic cycles and provide a detailed overview of their working principles and characteristics.The technical challenges associated with their application in power generation and large-scale energy storage are analyzed from the perspectives of equipment design,oper

关 键 词：二氧化碳热力循环 新型能源系统 压缩二氧化碳储能 超临界二氧化碳发电 

分 类 号：TK02[动力工程及工程热物理] TM61[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]