疫苗颗粒佐剂  

Particle adjuvants for vaccines

作　　者：刘翃亦 张瑜 岳华[1,2] 马光辉 Hongyi Liu;Yu Zhang;Hua Yue;Guanghui Ma(State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第7期888-899,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2302600,2023YFC2307700);国家自然科学基金(32030062,82341045,U20A200558)资助。

摘　　要：疫苗对重大传染病的防控、重大慢性疾病和肿瘤疾病的防治均有重要意义.我国是一个疫苗大国,但是创新佐剂研发极度匮乏,百年来几乎只有铝佐剂获批使用,亟须创新佐剂以满足免疫增效新需求.颗粒佐剂因独特的颗粒属性,兼具增强免疫识别、免疫刺激和抗原递送的多重功能.自2006年提出将纳微米颗粒用于疫苗佐剂以来,经过多年研究,颗粒已经成为先进佐剂技术的代表和未来趋势.基于均一颗粒制备技术,结合对病原体尺寸和特性的模拟,先后揭示了颗粒佐剂物化性质增强免疫识别与活化的作用,阐明了动态免疫识别、时空耦合递送、溶酶体逃逸促交叉提呈等免疫增效新机制,以此构建的颗粒佐剂大幅度提升了流感、乙肝、肿瘤疫苗的防治能力.本综述围绕疫苗佐剂的应用需求,梳理了颗粒佐剂免疫和递送机制的最新进展,及其在预防性疫苗、治疗性疫苗以及肿瘤疫苗中的新应用,同时为颗粒佐剂基础和转化研究提供了前瞻性预测.In addition to combating infectious diseases,vaccines play a significant role in the prevention and control of major chronic and oncological diseases.Traditional vaccines primarily prevent diseases by inducing humoral immunity,which can stimulate the body to produce high levels of neutralizing antibodies,effectively blocking the invasion of pathogens.With the development of medicine and immunology,people’s demands for vaccines are also evolving,giving rise to vaccines with therapeutic potential,such as therapeutic vaccines for chronic infectious diseases and universal or personalized vaccines for tumors.Alum adjuvants are classic vaccine adjuvants that have been used for nearly a century,but their specific immune bias limits their application in cell-mediated immunity and long-term immunity.There is an urgent need for innovative adjuvants to meet the new demands for immune enhancement.Particle adjuvants,which are adjuvants in the form of particles with nano or micro dimensions,include both natural and non-natural particles.Due to their unique particulate properties,they possess multiple functions including enhancing immune recognition,immune stimulation,and antigen delivery.Since our team proposed the use of nano-micron particles as vaccine adjuvants in 2006,extensive research has established particles as a representative of advanced adjuvant technology and a future trend.On the one hand,preferred particulate materials possess adjuvant effects and can be combined with molecular adjuvants as needed to achieve synergistic enhancement;on the other hand,particles can be designed with specific structures to encapsulate antigens,improving antigen stability while simulating the delivery effects of pathogens.Particle structures similar to those of pathogens can assist in the recognition and uptake by antigen-presenting cells,further enhancing immune activation.By unique delivery processes,particulate adjuvants can be applicable to various administration routes,including not only traditional intramuscular or subcutaneou

关 键 词：颗粒佐剂 交叉提呈 预防性疫苗 肿瘤疫苗 递送系统 

分 类 号：S85[农业科学—兽医学]