中国对非援助的减贫效应:基于新旧援助国作用机制的比较研究  

The Poverty Reduction Effect of China′s Aid to Africa:A Comparative Study Based on the Different Mechanisms Between Emerging and Traditional Donors

作　　者：冯凯 王钊 李荣林[1] FENG Kai;WANG Zhao;LI Ronglin

机构地区：[1]南开大学跨国公司研究中心 [2]上海对外经贸大学国际发展合作研究院

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2025年第2期12-27,M0002,共17页World Economy Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“中国对非援助与非洲区域不平等问题研究:理论、机制与经验证据”(项目编号:72203113);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“贫困认知、援助实践与减贫效果:基于中美对非援助的比较研究”(项目编号:63232105)的资助。

摘　　要：文章基于“对外援助—经济增长—社会福利”理论框架,利用非洲国别面板数据考察中国对非援助的减贫效应。研究结果表明,相较于美国等传统援助国,中国对非援助的减贫效应更显著,且在沿海国家、自然资源禀赋较高国家和经济发展水平相对落后国家组别的减贫效果更突出,体现了开发式扶贫与包容性发展特征。机制分析显示,中国援助的减贫效应依靠储蓄、劳动与经济增长三重作用机制,重点是推动受援国经济增长,从而抵消闲暇下降对社会福利的负面影响;而美国援助的减贫效应主要依靠消费、闲暇路径的直接传导,相对忽视经济增长对社会福利的正向作用,且消费与闲暇的增加也会进一步抑制受援国经济增长。新旧援助国贫困认知差异很大程度上源于自身发展阶段,相较已处于后现代发展阶段的传统援助国,中国援助实践与广大受援国具有更高的匹配度。拓展分析表明传统援助集团在一定程度上会挤出中国对非援助的减贫效果,因此需在减贫议题进一步加强新旧援助国的协调与合作。Based on a theoretical framework which structures the relationship between foreign aid economic growth and social welfare,this paper examines the poverty reduction effect of China′s aid to Africa by using cross-country panel data from 2000 to 2019.It specifically focuses on differences in poverty perceptions between emerging and traditional donors.The empirical results demonstrate that China′s aid to Africa has a more prominent impact on poverty reduction than aid from traditional donors,particularly in coastal countries with abundant natural resources and lower levels of development.These findings emphasize the pro-poor and inclusive growth-oriented nature of China′s aid in Africa.While China′s aid leverages saving,employment,and growth as mediating mechanisms for poverty reduction,America′s aid focuses more on direct approaches such as consumption and leisure,relatively neglecting the positive impact of economic growth on social welfare and further suppresses economic growth resulting from the increase in both mechanisms.The significant differences in poverty perceptions between traditional and emerging donors largely stem from their respective stages of development.Compared to traditional donors in the post-modern era,China′s aid practices is more closely matched with African countries′needs for poverty reduction.Further analysis suggests that traditional donors might counteract the impact of China′s aid on poverty reduction in Africa.Therefore,it is imperative to further strengthen coordination and collaboration between emerging and traditional donors.

关 键 词：对外援助 平行经验分享 减贫效应 新旧援助国 贫困认知 

分 类 号：F125.4[经济管理—世界经济] F14