改革与探索:农村土地产权政策的调适与优化  

Reform and Exploration:The Adjustment and Improvement of the Rural Land Property Rights Policy

作　　者：徐文[1] XU Wen(Law School,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学法学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第4期79-104,共26页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金“中国共产党农地产权政策调适的重大成就与历史经验研究”(22BDJ081)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：农村土地的归属与利用问题,是农村土地产权改革的核心,关系着农业经济、农民权利与农村稳定。以中国共产党在推进农村土地改革的进程中所发布的79份与农村土地产权改革有关的政策性文件为实证材料可分析出中国共产党在回答土地所有权归属问题与土地使用权配置问题过程中体现出来的改革思路与中国之道。在“两进两退”中,中国共产党通过剥夺地主地权、允许农民私有、明确集体所有的演变为中国农村土地产权改革定下基调;在“两退两进”中,中国共产党通过满足农民承包需求、满足农民退出需求、引导使用权流转、推进三权分置、健全流转市场为中国农村土地产权改革指明方向。在对农地产权改革方案的制定与实施过程中,中国共产党形成了独特的获取认同之道、维系平衡之道、释放活力之道,体现了农村土地产权改革的时代性、创新性与现代性。The ownership and utilization of rural land is the core of rural land property right policy,which relates to agricultural economy,farmers'rights and rural stability.This paper takes 79 documents related to rural land property rights issued by the Communist Party of China as empirical materials,analyzing the strategies and ways embodied by the Communist Party of China in answering the questions of land ownership and land use right allocation.In the strategy of“two advances and two retreats”,by depriving landlords'land rights,allowing farmers to own rural land and establishing collective land ownership,the Communist Party of China set the tone for the evolution of China's rural land property rights policy;in the policy of“two retreats and two advances”,by meeting farmers'contracting needs,meeting farmers'exit needs,guiding the transfer of use rights and promoting the separation of three rights,the Communist Party of China points out the direction for the reform of China's rural land property rights policy.In the process of formulating and adjusting the policy of agricultural land property rights,the Communist Party of China has formed unique ways to win support,to maintain balance and to release vitality,which embodies the characteristics of the times,innovation and modernity.

关 键 词：农村土地 产权改革 土地政策 

分 类 号：DF45[政治法律—经济法学]