2016—2023年北京市海淀区沙门菌血清型、耐药性及耐药基因分析  

Serovars and antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes of Salmonella in Haidian District,Beijing,2016-2023

作　　者：郝春芬 张晓媛 刘伟[1] 韩思媛[1] 白婧[1] HAO Chun-fen;ZHANG Xiao-yuan;LIU Wei;HAN Si-yuan;BAI Jing(Microbiological laboratory,Beijing Haidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100094,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心微生物检验科,北京100094 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2025年第4期736-741,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：首都高层次公共卫生人才建设项目(2022-3-027)。

摘　　要：目的分析北京市海淀区沙门菌血清分布、耐药现状以及耐药基因分布,找出沙门菌耐药表型和耐药基因型之间的联系,并探究新冠疫情期间广泛使用消毒剂对沙门菌耐药性的影响。方法对2016—2023年北京市海淀区检出的107株沙门菌进行血清分型和药敏试验,并对2021—2023年间收集到的27株沙门菌进行了高通量测序(next-generation sequencing,NGS)。结果肠炎沙门菌占比最高,为57.01%;药物敏感率最高的为头孢他啶/阿维巴坦和厄他培南,敏感率均为100.0%,中介率最高的为环丙沙星63.6%,耐药率最高的为萘啶酸74.8%。药敏试验结果发现新冠期间氨苄西林、头孢噻肟、萘啶酸、四环素、复方新诺明、阿奇霉素、链霉素和环丙沙星的耐药率均显著增加。27株沙门菌中氨基糖苷类耐药基因携带率最高为100.0%;携带4类及4类以下耐药基因的株数占沙门菌总株数的88.9%;耐药基因型为aph(6)-Id、aac(6′)-Iaa、aph(3″)-Ib、blaTEM-1B、sul2的肠炎沙门菌占比最多,为42.9%,仅含有氨基糖苷类1种耐药基因的沙门菌占比最多,为53.8%。沙门菌对于链霉素(敏感性100.0%,阳性预测值77.8%)、氨苄西林(敏感性55.6%,阳性预测值100.0%)、头孢噻肟(敏感性60.0%,阳性预测值80.0%)、复方新诺明(敏感性60.0%,阳性预测值85.7%)和氯霉素(敏感性50.0%,阳性预测值100.0%)的耐药表型和耐药基因型之间的匹配性较好。结论海淀区沙门菌耐药情况十分严峻,使用消毒剂对沙门菌抗生素耐药性的影响以及耐药表型与耐药基因型之间相关性的研究是下一步应该关注的重点。Objective To mailto:analyze the serovars,antimicrobial resistance status and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes of Salmonella in Haidian District,Beijing.To discover the connection between antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes,and to explore the impact of disinfectant use during the COVID-19 on antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella.Methods Serotyping and drug susceptibility testing were performed on 107 strains andnext-generation sequencing(NGS)was performed on 27 strains of Salmonella collected from 2021 to 2023.Results Salmonella enteritidis had the highest proportion(57.01%).Ceftazidime/avibactam and ertapenem had the highest susceptibility rates(100.0%).Ciprofloxacin had the highest intermediate rate(63.6%),and nalidixic acid had the highest resistance rate(74.8%).Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed increased resistance to multiple drugs.Among 27 strains,the carrying rate of aminoglycoside resistance genes was 100.0%.Most strains carried four or fewer resistance genes(88.9%).Salmonella enteritidis with drug-resistant genotypes of aph(6)-Id,aac(6′)-Iaa,aph(3″)-Ib,blaTEM-1B and sul2 accounted for the largest proportion(42.9%).Other serovarsSalmonella with only one type of aminoglycoside resistance gene accounted for the largest proportion(53.8%).The phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns of Salmonella to streptomycin(sensitivity 100.0%,positive predictive value 77.8%),ampicillin(sensitivity 55.6%,positive predictive value 100.0%),cefotaxime(sensitivity 60.0%,positive predictive value 80.0%),sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim(sensitivity 60.0%,positive predictive value 85.7%),and chloramphenicol(sensitivity 50.0%,positive predictive value 100.0%)showed good agreement.Conclusion The antimicrobial resistance situation of Salmonella in Haidian District is serious.The impact of disinfectants and the correlation between phenotypes and genotypes should be focused on in the future.

关 键 词：沙门菌 抗生素耐药性 耐药基因 消毒剂 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R378.22