马克思实践辩证法对虚无主义的克服  

Marx's Practical Dialectics and the Overcoming of Nihilism

作　　者：刘雄伟 Liu Xiongwei

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心暨哲学社会学院

出　　处：《江苏社会科学》2025年第2期45-53,I0003,共10页Jiangsu Social Sciences

摘　　要：基于19世纪的思想史语境可以发现,马克思的实践辩证法意在回应黑格尔以来德国辩证法运动的虚无主义宿命。德国的辩证法运动在反叛基督教神学和黑格尔哲学的过程中片面夸大了“自我”的主体性,从而不可避免地陷入虚无主义的窠臼。马克思则通过对辩证法载体的改造,即将抽象的“自我”改造为“现实的人”,真正切入现实历史的本质性向度之中。马克思认为,人的生命是在人自己的感性实践活动中不断生成的,是自足的,一旦以生命以外的尺度衡量,生命自身就会被扭曲为需要外部力量拯救的存在,虚无主义就会变得不可避免。马克思的实践辩证法专注于在改造世界的过程中实现人的解放,成为克服虚无主义的内生力量。回到马克思所生活的思想史语境中澄清实践辩证法的思想原貌,对于推动马克思主义辩证法研究具有重大的理论意义。Based on the intellectual historical context of the 19th century,it becomes evident that Marx's practical dialectics was intended as a response to the nihilistic fate embedded in the German dialectical movement since Hegel.The German dialectical movement,in its rebellion against Christian theology and Hegelian philosophy,unilaterally exaggerated the subjectivity of the"self",thereby inevitably falling into the trap of nihilism.Marx,however,transformed the carrier of dialectics by redefining the abstract"self"as the"real human being",thus genuinely engaging with the essential dimensions of actual history.In Marx's view,human life is continuously generated through individuals'own sensory practical activities and is self-sufficient.Once life is measured by standards external to itself,it becomes distorted into an existence requiring external salvation,rendering nihilism inevitable.Marx's practical dialectics focuses on achieving human emancipation through the process of transforming the world,thereby serving as an endogenous force to overcome nihilism.Returning to the intellectual historical context of Marx's time to clarify the original form of practical dialectics holds profound theoretical significance for advancing the study of Marxist dialectics.

关 键 词：实践辩证法 虚无主义 马克思 黑格尔 尼采 德勒兹 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]