外国经验与本土实践:国民政府公医制度的生成路径  

Foreign Experience and Local Practice:The Generative Path of the State Medicine of National Government

作　　者：杜丽红 王昊 Du Lihong;Wang Hao

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系(珠海),广东珠海528478

出　　处：《学术研究》2025年第3期132-139,178,共9页Academic Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国公共卫生防疫史研究”(20&ZD221)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪二三十年代,随着兰安生将“国家医学”理念引入中国,中国社会各界开始探索本国医学卫生国家化建设的具体制度路径,长期的探索过程为“公医制度”的生成提供了丰富的理论和实践基础。社会保险制度首先受到关注,但由于无法满足普适性与治疗预防并重的要求而被放弃;医学界关于公医、私医的论争也提供了相当的理论资源,但由于缺乏可行性难以付诸实施;卫生专家通过考察各国制度经验,发现医事国营、预防与治疗结合、推行免费医疗均可资借鉴;与此同时卫生专家通过开展乡村实验,在结合本土经验的情况下,逐渐完善了县保健院—区保健所—村保健员的三级卫生保健体制。经历了多主体的论争、调研和实践过程后,国民政府最终出台公医制度,以此作为国家卫生建设的政策选择。In the 1920s and 1930s,with the introduction of the concept of“state medicine”in China by John.B.Grant,all sectors of society began to explore specific institutional paths for constructing a health system,and the long process of exploration provided the theoretical and practical basis for creating“state medicine”.Experts first focused on the social insurance system,but it was abandoned due to its inability to meet the requirements of universality and equal emphasis on treatment and prevention.The medical profession’s debate also provided intellectual resources,but it was difficult to put into practice because of a lack of feasibility.Health experts examined the experiences of various countries and found that state-run medical services,the combination of prevention and treatment,and free medical care could all be drawn upon.At the same time,through experiments in villages,health experts gradually improved the three-tier health system,which included county health centers,district health centers,and village health workers.After a complex process of debate,research,and practice,the National Government finally recognized the state medicine as the policy choice for national health construction.

关 键 词：国家医学 公医制度 卫生实践 卫生政策 

分 类 号：K262.9[历史地理—历史学]