《民法典》视野下合作制公证机构成员有限责任论  

The Theory of Limited Liability of Members of Cooperative Notary Institutions from the Perspective of the Civil Code

作　　者：梅夏英[1] 王明玉 MEI Xia-ying;WANG Ming-yu(School of Law,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100105,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院,北京100105

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第5期61-76,共16页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金规划项目“混改背景下北京市属国企公司治理法律问题研究”(20FXC022)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：合作制公证机构是伴随公证改革出现的新型社会组织,在《公证法》立法过程中,因对其组织性质及形式意见不一而未对其民事主体属性予以规制,导致其成员责任承担存在理论分歧,这一分歧的根源在于《民法通则》时代法人人格与法人独立责任(成员有限责任)附随性的立法传统。在《民法典》视野下,独立责任是法人人格的必然结果,但不是法人人格的充分要素;法人独立责任与成员有限责任不是严格的“一枚硬币之两面”的关系;在有法律规制的情况下,非法人组织成员的责任承担可突破无限责任之框限。合作制公证机构由合作人共同出资成立,财产由合作人共有,不符合《民法典》所规制的法人成立要件。合作制公证机构不以营利为目的,其成员应承担有限责任。Cooperative notary institutions represent a novel form of social organization that emerged in response to reforms in notarial services.During the legislative process of the Notary Law,due to a lack of consensus on their organizational nature and structure,these institutions'civil subject attributes were not clearly defined,leading to theoretical disputes regarding the liability of their members.The core of this controversy stems from the legislative tradition under the General Principles of the Ciwil Law,which treated the legal personality of a legal entity and its independent liability(limited liability of members)as inseparable.From the perspeclive of the Ciwil Code,while independent liability is an inevitable consequence of legal personality,it is not a necessary condition for establishing legal personality;the independent liability of a legal entity and the limited liability of its members are not strictly interdependent;Under legal regulation,the liability of members in non-legal person organizations can transcend the traditional framework of unlimited liability.Cooperative notary institutions,established through joint investment by partners with jointly owned assets,do not meet the criteria for legal personhood as stipulated by the Civil Code.Given their non-profit nature,the members of cooperative notary institutions should bear limited liability.

关 键 词：公证法修改 公证体制机制改革 合作制公证机构 非营利性 成员有限责任 

分 类 号：DF5[政治法律—民商法学]