不同年代输血患者的乙型肝炎病毒感染检测结果与分析  

The analysis of detection results of hepatitis B virus infection index in patients undergoing blood transfusion in different ages

作　　者：沈树强 吴学忠 SHEN Shuqiang;WU Xuezhong(Department of Blood Transfusion,the First Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan,Anhui,232000,China;School of Public Health,Anhui Medical University)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学第一附属医院输血科,安徽淮南232000 [2]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《临床血液学杂志》2025年第2期131-135,共5页Journal of Clinical Hematology

基　　金：2020年淮南市指导性科技计划项目(No:2020083)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨最适合临床输血(备血)患者乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)感染指标的检测方法,以及不同年代输血(备血)患者HBV感染状况。方法:采集2020年7月—2024年2月安徽理工大学第一附属医院5 978例住院输血(备血)患者的血液标本,采用光激化学发光法、核酸检测法和胶体金法进行HBV感染指标检测,比较三种方法乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性检出率,同时分析不同年代、不同性别患者HBsAg和单一表面抗体(抗HBs)指标的差异情况。结果:5 978例输血(备血)患者HBV感染指标检测结果显示,HBsAg核酸检测法、光激化学发光法的灵敏度均为100.00%,高于胶体金法(90.85%)(P>0.05);患者HBsAg和单一抗HBs的阳性率分别为7.31%和28.62%。自20世纪40至80年代,患者HBsAg和单一抗HBs阳性率均呈现升高趋势,且80年代患者HBsAg阳性率最高(15.62%),21世纪10年代患者单一抗HBs阳性率最高(57.58%)。男性患者单一抗HBs阳性率(27.79%)与女性(29.60%)相近(P>0.05),但男性患者HBsAg阳性率(9.75%)明显高于女性(4.44%)(P<0.05)。HBsAg阳性患者中“大三阳”(HBsAg+HBeAg+抗HBc阳性)、“小三阳”(HBsAg+抗HBe+抗HBc阳性)和“HBsAg+抗HBc阳性”组合的阳性率分别为13.50%、65.45%、11.21%。结论:光激化学发光法较适宜临床输血前HBV感染指标的检测应用与推广,以保障临床输血安全,避免输血感染纠纷的发生。不同年代男性患者HBV感染率明显高于女性,但男性患者HBV保护性抗体阳性率与女性无显著性差别,提示HBV传播的预防与控制仍然不可忽视。Objective:To investigate the monitoring method of hepatitis B virus infection indicators in the patients with optimal clinical blood transfusion(blood preparation)and the status of hepatitis B infection in blood transfusion(blood preparation)patients of different ages.Methods:A total of 5978 inpatients undergoing blood transfusion(blood preparation)in the First Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology from July 2020 to February 2024 were selected as samples and the hepatitis B infection indicators were detected by light initiated chemiluminescent assay,nucleic acid detection and colloidal gold method.The positive detection rates of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)in the three methods were compared and analyze the differences of HBsAg and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen(anti-HBs)infection indicators in patients of different ages and genders at the same time.Results:The detection results of hepatitis B infection indicators of 5978 patients with blood transfusion(blood preparation)showed that the sensitivity of nucleic acid detection and light initiated Chemiluminescent assay for HBsAg was 100.00%,higher than the sensitivity(90.85%)of colloidal gold method(P>0.05),the positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs in patients were 7.31%and 28.62%,respectively.From 1940s to 1980s.the positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs in patients showed an increasing trend,and the positive rate of HBsAg in patients was the highest in 1980s(15.62%),while anti-HBs in 2010s(57.58%).The positive rate of anti-HBs in male patients(27.79%)was similar to that in female patients(29.60%)(P>0.05),but the positive rate of HBsAg in male patients(9.75%)was significantly higher than that in female patients(4.44%)(P<0.05).In HBsAg positive patients,the positive rates of"big three positive","small three positive"and"positive for HBsAg,HBcAb"were 13.50%,65.45%and 11.21%respectively.Conclusion:Light initiated chemiluminescent assay may be more suitable for the detection application and promotion of hepatitis B infection indicators befor

关 键 词：年代 输血 患者 HBV感染指标 

分 类 号：R373.21[医药卫生—病原生物学]