事、愿之间:刘鸿生在新中国初期的实业主张与企业命运  

Between Things and Wishes:Liu Hongsheng's Industrial Proposition and the Fate of Enterprise in the Early Days of People's Republic of China

作　　者：赵晋[1] ZHAO Jin

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,200241

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2025年第1期19-27,200,201,共11页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“火柴业视角下新中国轻工业体制的形成和确立研究(1949—1957)”(22BZS139)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文详述了中国近代“火柴大王”刘鸿生在中华人民共和国初期的建设诉求与实业主张。面对崭新的国家建设和急遽的社会转型,刘鸿生的实业理想既有得偿所愿的满足,也有未能如愿的遗憾。很明显,刘鸿生的实业主张和新中国成立初期政府的建设目标存在差异,在政府帮助下恢复暂时的经济困难、自由选择原材料、自由设厂,从而壮大实业,这是企业家的根本想法。但是,这与政府有计划的规划产业布局、控制产销、限入奖出的外贸统制政策、推动重工业优先的发展战略选择是不尽相同的。一方是企业家个人的理性诉求,一方是国家层面在特定历史条件下的战略决策,二者的出发点不同,利益追求不同,出现事、愿之间的差异是难免的。This paper elaborates the construction demands and industrial propositions of Liu Hongsheng,the "Match King" of modern China,in the early days of the People's Republic of China.During the new national construction and rapid social transformation,Liu Hongsheng's industrial ideals were both fulfilled and left with unfulfilled regrets.It is evident that Liu Hongsheng's industrial advocacy differed from the government's construction goals in the early days of PRC.The fundamental desire of entrepreneurs was to overcome temporary economic difficulties,freely choose raw materials,and establish factories freely with the help of the government,thereby strengthening industry.However,this differed from the government's strategic decisions,such as planning the industrial layout,controlling production and sales,implementing foreign trade control policies that restricted imports and encouraged exports,and prioritizing the development of heavy industry.On one side were the rational appeals of individual entrepreneurs,and on the other side were the strategic decisions made by the state under specific historical conditions.With different starting points and pursuits of interests,it was inevitable that there were differences between their aspirations and realities.

关 键 词：刘鸿生 新中国初期 实业主张 国家战略 企业命运 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]