基于神经振荡信号调控的非侵入性镇痛研究:进展与展望  

Non-invasive analgesia research based on neural oscillation modulation:progress and outlook

作　　者：赵湘玥 段昊青 魏诗雨 郭雨桐 毕研芝 Xiangyue Zhao;Haoqing Duan;Shiyu Wei;Yutong Guo;Yanzhi Bi(Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Psychology,Capital Normal University,Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所),北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049 [3]首都师范大学心理学院,北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第8期968-981,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31800926)资助。

摘　　要：大脑神经振荡信号与疼痛信息处理密切相关,然而,两者之间的因果关系尚不明确.利用经颅交流电刺激、神经反馈和经颅直流电刺激等技术调节神经振荡信号并探究其对疼痛的影响,不仅可深入揭示神经振荡信号在疼痛信息加工中的作用,还可为临床疼痛管理提供替代性治疗方案.目前,大部分研究证实调控alpha、theta、beta等低频神经振荡(<30 Hz)可显著调节实验室诱发疼痛和慢性疼痛,且重复多次的个性化治疗对于提升镇痛效果具有重要帮助.然而,由于实验设计、调控参数及个体差异等诸多因素的影响,不同研究之间的调控镇痛效果存在差异.未来研究有必要阐明影响调控效果的可能因素,揭示调控机制及其长期干预效果,探索高频神经振荡信号调控的镇痛效果,从而为制定个性化神经调控方案、优化镇痛效果、改善疼痛管理现状提供科学理论指导.Pain not only causes physical discomfort but can also lead to adverse psychosocial outcomes such as sleep disturbances,anxiety,and depression,significantly affecting patients’quality of life.Traditional pharmacological treatments for pain relief,especially those involving opioids,often carry risks such as side effects and addiction,highlighting the need for alternative pain management methods.Accumulating evidence suggests that neuronal oscillations play an important role in pain processing.However,most findings are limited by their correlative nature,and their causal relationship remains largely unestablished.Transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS),neurofeedback,and transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)are noninvasive neuromodulation techniques designed to directly or indirectly modulate neural oscillations,holding promise as suitable methods to investigate the contribution of neural oscillation to pain and providing alternative therapeutic options for clinical pain management.In this review,we first summarize the role of neural oscillations at different frequencies and their synchrony between brain regions in pain processing.Then,we review the basic mechanisms,applications,and effects of tACS,neurofeedback,and tDCS for alleviating experimental and chronic pain.Most studies on tACS,neurofeedback,and tDCS confirmed that modulating low-frequency neural oscillations(<30 Hz)such as alpha,theta,and beta can significantly reduce experimentally induced pain and chronic pain.Repeated personalized treatments are crucial for enhancing analgesic effects.However,due to factors such as experimental design,stimulation parameters,and individual differences,there are conflicting findings related to the efficacy of neural oscillation modulation in relieving pain.The difficulty in determining the most effective approach for pain relief poses a significant challenge in translating these methods to clinical use.In addition to this challenge,we highlight other existing issues in using these techniques for pain r

关 键 词：神经振荡 疼痛 神经调控 经颅交流电刺激 神经反馈 经颅直流电刺激 镇痛 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]