10种禾本科植物种子形态、萌发特性及幼苗生长的比较研究  

Comparative Study on Seed Morphology,Germination Characteristics,and Seedling Growth of Ten Poaceae Species

作　　者：姜永成 花梅 那亚[2] 刘景娜 荣荣 刘启富 董昊野 魏晓斌 JIANG Yongcheng;Huamei;Naya;LIU Jingna;Rongrong;LIU Qifu;DONG Haoye;WEI Xiaobin(Grassland Workstation,Xing′an League,Ulanhot137400,China;College of Grassland Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources,Ministrition of Education/Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation Processing and High Efficient Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot010018,China;Ulanhot No.1 High School,Ulanhot137400,China;Inner Mongolia Yihe Lyujin Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Chifeng024000,China)

机构地区：[1]兴安盟林业和草原工作站,内蒙古乌兰浩特137400 [2]内蒙古农业大学草业学院/草地资源教育部重点实验室/农业农村部饲草栽培、加工与高效利用重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]乌兰浩特第一中学,内蒙古乌兰浩特137400 [4]内蒙古伊禾绿锦农业发展有限公司,内蒙古赤峰024000

出　　处：《畜牧与饲料科学》2025年第1期45-51,共7页Animal Husbandry and Feed Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目(2023YFDZ0018);草学一流学科科研专项(YLXKZXNND-010);2022年自治区留学人员创新创业启动支持计划;内蒙古自治区教育科学“十四五”规划课题(NGJGH2023405)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究10种禾本科植物种子在内蒙古自治区兴安盟的种子形态、萌发特性及幼苗生长情况。[方法]以兴安盟草原地区10种野生禾本科植物(马唐、梯牧草、早熟禾、虎尾草、老芒麦、羊草、巨序剪股颖、画眉草、披碱草及冰草)种子为材料,测定并比较其种子长度、宽度、厚度、千粒重、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长及胚芽长,对以上各性状指标进行相关性分析后,用隶属函数法对10种禾本科植物种子的质量进行综合评定。[结果]披碱草的种子长度和千粒重显著(P<0.05)高于其他禾本科植物种子;马唐和老芒麦的种子宽度显著(P<0.05)高于其他8种禾本科植物种子;冰草的种子最厚,显著高于其他9种植物种子,老麦芒和披碱草次之。除羊草种子外,其他9种植物种子均从第2天开始萌发;马唐和梯牧草在第2天的发芽率超过50%,第3~7天的累计发芽率均高于90%;试验结束时仅有画眉草和羊草的发芽率未超过50%。马唐和梯牧草的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均显著(P<0.05)高于其他禾本科植物种子。马唐幼苗的胚根最长,披碱草幼苗的胚芽最长。相关性分析表明,不同禾本科植物种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数之间存在极显著(P<0.01)正相关关系。通过隶属函数值综合分析表明,10种禾本科植物种子质量排名前3的分别是马唐、梯牧草和披碱草。[结论]对10种从兴安盟地区采集的禾本科植物种子形态、萌发特性和幼苗生长特性等进行综合研究,发现马唐、披碱草和梯牧草的综合表现更好,具有在该地区推广种植的潜力。[Objective]To investigate the seed morphology,germination characteristics,and seedling growth of ten Poaceae species in the Hinggan League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.[Methods]Seeds of ten wild Poaceae species(Digitaria sanguinalis,Phleum pratense,Poa annua,Chloris virgata,Elymus sibiricus,Leymus chinensis,Agrostis gigantea,Eragrostis pilosa,Elymus dahuricus and Agropyron cristatum)collected from the grassland area of the Hinggan League were used as materials.Seed length,width,thickness,thousand grain weight,germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,radicle length,and coleoptile length were measured and compared.Correlation analysis was conducted on these traits,and the quality of the seeds from the ten Poaceae species was comprehensively evaluated using the membership function method.[Results]The seed length and thousand grain weight of Elymus dahuricus were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of the other Poaceae species.The seed width of Digitaria sanguinalis and Elymus sibiricus was significantly(P<0.05)greater than that of the other eight species.Agropyron cristatum had the thickest seeds,significantly exceeding the other nine species,followed by Elymus sibiricus and Elymus dahuricus.Except for Leymus chinensis,seeds of the other nine species began germinating on the second day.The germination rates of Digitaria sanguinalis and Phleum pratense exceeded 50%on the second day,with cumulative germination rates reaching above 90%from day 3 to day 7.By the end of the experiment,only Eragrostis pilosa and Leymus chinensis had germination rates below 50%.The germination rate,germination potential,germination index,and vigor index of Digitaria sanguinalis and Phleum pratense were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of the other Poaceae species.Seedlings of Digitaria sanguinalis exhibited the longest radicles,while those of Elymus dahuricus had the longest coleoptiles.Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant(P<0.01)positive correlation among germination rate,germinati

关 键 词：禾本科植物 种子形态 萌发特性 幼苗生长 综合评价 

分 类 号：S543.04[农业科学—作物学] S544.04