工业机器人进口、企业雇佣结构升级与出口产品质量提升  

Industrial Robot Imports,Employment Structure Upgrade,and Export Quality Improvement

作　　者：林峰[1] 周超 LIN Feng;ZHOU Chao

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学经济与金融学院 [2]华南农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《产经评论》2025年第1期5-19,共15页Industrial Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“人工智能、劳动力市场变革与不婚少子问题研究”(项目编号:24BJL069,项目负责人:林峰);国家自然科学基金青年项目“实物期权视角下中国企业在‘一带一路’沿线国家的投资价值:形成机制与影响因素研究”(项目编号:72102075,项目负责人:周超);广东省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“加‘数’前行:数字经济赋能广东制造业转型升级的机制路径研究”(项目编号:GD24CYJ16,项目负责人:林峰)。

摘　　要：中国是全球最大的工业机器人进口国,工业机器人应用快速扩张趋势下,如何结合企业雇佣结构,发挥工业机器人在外贸高质量发展过程中的作用成为亟待探讨的重要问题。采用2000—2013年中国工业企业数据和中国海关数据,实证考察工业机器人进口对制造业企业出口产品质量的影响以及企业雇佣结构在其中的调节作用。结果显示:工业机器人进口显著提升了中国企业出口产品质量;工业机器人进口对加工贸易企业、私营企业、劳动密集型企业和东部地区企业出口产品的“提质”作用更为明显。结合全国经济普查数据分析发现,工业机器人进口与企业雇佣结构具有互补性,企业雇佣结构越高级,工业机器人进口对企业出口产品质量的提升作用就越强。因此,应以智能制造为引领,发挥工业机器人对企业出口产品质量的赋能作用,并重视企业雇佣结构升级的互补效应,推动“人机协作”的生产模式,从而推进制造业企业智能制造与出口产品质量“双升级”。China is the world's largest importer of industrial robots.With the rapid expansion trend of industrial robot applications,how to combine the employment structure of enterprises and play the role of industrial robots in the high-quality development of foreign trade has become an important issue that urgently needs to be explored.Using the matching data from Chinese industrial enterprise database and Chinese customs database from 2000 to 2013,this paper empirically examines the impact of industrial robot imports on the quality of manufacturing enterprises'export product and the moderating role of employment structure.It is found that the import of industrial robots has significantly improved the quality of China's export products.The heterogeneity test shows that the import of industrial robots has a more obvious effect on improving the quality of export products of processing trade enterprises,private enterprises,labor-intensive enterprises,and enterprises in the eastern region.Combining with the analysis of China's economic census data,it is found that industrial robot imports and enterprises'employment structure are complementary.The higher the employment structure,the stronger the role of industrial robots in improving the quality of export products.Therefore,we should take intelligent manufacturing as the lead,leverage the enabling effect of industrial robots on the quality of enterprises'export products,and pay attention to the complementary effect of the upgrading of the employment structure of enterprises,promoting the“human-machine collaboration”production mode,so as to advance the“dual upgrade”of intelligent manufacturing and export product quality of manufacturing enterprises.

关 键 词：工业机器人进口 出口产品质量 企业雇佣结构 智能制造 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]