广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶群落结构与多样性  

Butterfly Community Structure and Diversity in Guangxi Mao′ershan National Nature Reserve

作　　者：姚维 周善义[1,2] 陈志林[1,2] 唐祺玲 周雪婷 黄婉玲 汪国海 韦新葵[1,2] 周岐海[1,2] YAO Wei;ZHOU Shanyi;CHEN Zhilin;TANG Qiling;ZHOU Xueting;HUANG Wanling;WANG Guohai;WEI Xinkui;ZHOU Qihai(Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection,Guangxi Normal University,Ministry of Education,Guilin,Guangxi,541006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,Guangxi,541006,China;College of Chemistry and Bioengineering,Guangxi Minzu Normal University,Chongzuo,Guangxi,532200,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室,广西桂林541006 [2]广西师范大学广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室,广西桂林541006 [3]广西民族师范学院化学与生物工程学院,广西崇左532200

出　　处：《广西科学》2024年第6期1089-1100,共12页Guangxi Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32170492,32270504);生态环境部生物多样性调查专项资助。

摘　　要：蝴蝶是重要的生态质量、环境状况和生物多样性监测指示物种之一,研究其种群动态和群落结构对区域生物多样性保护具有重要意义。为厘清广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶资源和多样性现状,本研究利用样线法对该区域的蝴蝶种类进行为期3年的调查。结果表明:广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区共记录蝴蝶7301只,隶属于5科76属134种,其中东洋种为优势类群(100种,占总种数的74.63%),其余为广布种(34种,占总种数的25.37%)。蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)种类最丰富(34属71种),Shannon Wiener指数最高(3.11),粉蝶科(Pieridae)种类最少(5属7种),Shannon Wiener指数最低(1.24)。优势种蝴蝶16种、少见种25种、稀有种24种,及常见种85种。蝴蝶物种数随海拔升高而降低,410-640 m海拔段蝴蝶物种数最多(107种),1350-1980 m海拔段蝴蝶物种数最少(59种),不同海拔段间蝴蝶相似性系数较低。不同生境中,乔木林的Shannon Wiener指数(3.59)和物种丰富度(12.30)最高,农田/居民点的Shannon Wiener指数(3.19)和物种丰富度(8.70)最低。不同年份之间的蝴蝶物种数量波动幅度较小。本研究结果可为广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区蝶类资源的保护和利用提供基础资料,同时为该保护区的管理和自然资源保护利用提供参考。s:Butterflies are important indicator species for monitoring ecological quality,environmental status,and biodiversity.Studying the population dynamics and community structure of butterflies is of great significance for regional biodiversity conservation.To reveal the butterfly resources and diversity status in the Guangxi Mao′ershan National Nature Reserve,the transect method was used to survey the butterflies in five habitats across three years.The results showed that 7301 butterflies were recorded in the reserve,identified as 134 species belonging to 76 genera of 5 families.Oriental species were dominant(100 species,74.63%),and the rest were widespread species(34 species,25.37%).Among the five families,Nymphalidae had the highest number of species(71 species of 34 genera)and Shannon Wiener index(3.11),while Pieridae had the lowest number of species(7 species of 5 genera)and Shannon Wiener index(1.24).There were 16 dominant butterfly species,25 uncommon species,24 rare species,and 85 common species.The number of butterfly species decreased with the rise in altitude,and the number of butterfly species was the highest(107)within the altitude range of 410-640 m and the lowest(59)within the altitude range of 1350-1980 m.The similarity coefficient of butterfly species among different altitude ranges was low.Arbor forest had the highest Shannon Wiener index(3.59)and richness index(12.30),while farmland/settlements had the lowest Shannon Wiener index(3.19)and richness index(8.70).The diversity of butterflies showcased mild interannual fluctuations.The results can provide basic information for the conservation and utilization of butterfly resources in Guangxi Mao′ershan National Nature Reserve and give insights into the management of the reserve and the conservation and utilization of natural resources.

关 键 词：蝴蝶 生物多样性 群落结构 种群动态 广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]