桂林喀斯特世界自然遗产地峰丛区传统村落景观演变与植物景观特征分析  

Analysis of Landscape Evolution and Plant Landscape Characteristics of Traditional Villages in Peak Cluster Area,Guilin Karst World Natural Heritage Site

作　　者：吴淼锐 杨美雪 钟艺倩 李宁鑫 徐泽帅 王子君 向悟生[2] 郑文俊 李先琨[2] WU Miaorui;YANG Meixue;ZHONG Yiqian;LI Ningxin;XU Zeshuai;WANG Zijun;XIANG Wusheng;ZHENG Wenjun;LI Xiankun(College of Tourism&Landscape Architecture,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi,541006,China;Guangxi Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Guilin,Guangxi,541006,China;College of Life Sciences,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,Guangxi,541006,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学旅游与风景园林学院,广西桂林541006 [2]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006 [3]广西师范大学生命科学学院,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《广西科学》2024年第6期1233-1247,共15页Guangxi Sciences

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目“漓江喀斯特自然遗产地植物资源保育与景观功能提升技术及应用”(桂科AB22080057)资助。

摘　　要：传统村落是人类与自然长期互动的产物,其景观演变反映区域生态环境与经济社会发展历程,正确理解人地关系,对生态环境保护和区域可持续发展具有重要意义。为探明漓江流域传统村落景观格局动态及其植物多样性变化,本研究以桂林喀斯特世界自然遗产地核心区——漓江峰丛片区的6个传统村落为对象,基于2002-2022年的高清遥感影像,分析提取景观数据,结合地面植物多样性调查,探究植物景观特征及其与传统村落整体景观格局变化的关系。结果表明:林地是主要的景观类型且面积略有增加(增加4.13%),园地、陆地水域和建设用地面积较20年前分别增长340.27%、37.62%和22.11%,而耕地、草地和裸地面积则分别减少39.85%、80.27%和78.42%;研究区景观异质性和复杂性降低;林地集聚度明显增强,耕地和裸地减少且分散,草地和陆地水域趋于集中,园地复杂性提高且趋于分散,建设用地扩张且分散。6个传统村落常见植物共有431种,隶属于110科320属;村落范围植物景观由外到内依次为生态型植物景观、生产型植物景观、生活型植物景观;林地、园地和建设用地面积变化率分别与生态、经济和观赏功能占比呈显著正相关,而裸地面积变化率与生态功能呈显著负相关。随着桂林喀斯特世界自然遗产地保护力度的加大,其核心区传统村落景观格局逐渐优化,山地生产功能减弱,生态功能提升,植物多样性和观赏性增强。本研究结果可为传统村落景观保护和生态系统适应性管理提供科学参考。Traditional villages are the products of long term interaction between human beings and nature,and their landscape evolution reflects the course of regional eco environment and socio economic development.A correct understanding of human land relationship is of great significance to eco environmental protection and regional sustainable development.The dynamics of the landscape pattern of traditional villages in the Lijiang River Basin and the changes of their plant diversity were studied in six national traditional villages in the core area(Lijiang River peak cluster area)of the Guilin Karst World Natural Heritage Site.The landscape data were extracted from the high resolution remote sensing data collected from 2002 to 2022.The extracted data were combined with the ground plant diversity survey results to explore the plant landscape characteristics and their relationship with the changes in the overall landscape pattern of the traditional villages.The results showed that woodland was the main landscape type with a slight increase(by 4.13%)in area.The areas of orchard land,inland water,and construction land increased by 340.27%,37.62%,and 22.11%,respectively,compared with those of 20 years ago.At the same time,the areas of arable land,grassland,and bare land decreased by 39.85%,80.27%,and 78.42%,respectively.The heterogeneity and complexity of the landscape in the study area decreased.The clustering of woodland increased significantly,while arable land and bare land reduced and became scattered.Grassland and inland water tended to be concentrated,while orchard land demonstrated increased complexity and became scattered.In the six traditional villages,431 species of common plants were identified,belonging to 320 genera of 110 families.The plant landscapes in the villages were ecological plant landscapes,production plant landscapes,and living plant landscapes from outside to inside.The change rates of the areas of woodland,orchard land,and construction land had significantly positive correlations with ecological,econ

关 键 词：漓江喀斯特峰丛区 自然遗产地 传统村落 景观演变 植物多样性 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]