心智障碍者公职监护的多元协同:以民政部门与“两委会”的定位为中心  

The Multidimensional Collaboration in Public Guardianship for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities:Take the Position of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and"Two Local Committees"as the Center

作　　者：谭金可[1] 吴珂盈 TAN Jinke;WU Keying

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《秘书》2025年第2期40-51,共12页Secretary

摘　　要：心智障碍者的公职监护是一个亟待解决的理论与实务难题。尽管我国《民法典》有原则性规定,但实际操作中尚未形成完善的监护规则。为了保证心智障碍者公职监护的有序和有效,需要优化民政部门和“两委会”的多元协同机制。受制于监护情景的复杂性和监护主体的多元性,心智障碍者的公职监护存在不少问题,突出表现为:心智障碍者公职监护的主体角色模糊、职责划分不清晰;监护网络中多元主体协同不足,社会力量并未充分参与;缺乏有效的监护监督机制。弥补现行法律规定的不足、优化多元协同网络,亟须回应民政部门与“两委会”的监护人定位、民政部门在私法与公法上的主体属性、民政部门与“两委会”的监护同意权顺位争议等问题,并进一步优化监护流程,完善监护监督机制。The guardianship of individuals with intellectual disabilities presents an urgent theoretical and practical challenge.Although China's Civil Code provides general provisions regarding public guardianship for individuals with intellectual disabilities,it has not yet established clear guardianship rules.To ensure the orderly and effective public guardianship of individuals with intellectual disabilities,requires optimizing the multidimensional and collaborative mechanism of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the two local committees.However,due to the complexity of guardianship scenarios and the diversity of guardianship entities,the public guardianship of individuals with intellectual disabilities faces the following limitations:there is the ambiguous entities and the unclear division of responsibilities for the guardianship of individuals with intellectual disabilities;the collaborative efforts among entities within the guardianship network are insufficient,and societal forces are not fully engaged;there is an absence of effective mechanisms to supervise guardians.To address the current limitations in legal provisions and the inadequacies in the multidimensional and collaborative guardianship network,it is necessary to respond to the issues related to the position of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and"two local committees"as guardians within the guardianship network,the legal status of the Ministry of Civil Affairs as a private or public entity,and the hierarchy of consent between the Ministry of Civil Affairs and"two local committees".Furthermore,the guardianship process needs to be optimized,the supervision mechanisms of guardianship need to be improved.

关 键 词：心智障碍者 公职监护 协同监护 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]