离婚损害赔偿制度理解与适用的疑难问题探析——以《中华人民共和国民法典》婚姻家庭编与侵权责任编规范的关系为视角  

Understanding and Applying Divorce Damage Compensation System:Issues and Challenges——From the Perspective of the Interrelation Between Marriage and Family Part and Tort Liability Part of the Civil Code

作　　者：夏江皓 XIA Jianghao(Institute for Human Rights,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人权研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《上海大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期1-14,共14页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(24CXTD01);国家社会科学基金社科学术社团项目(22STA029);教育部基地重大项目(22JJD820041)。

摘　　要：2001年修订的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》增设了关于离婚损害赔偿制度的规定,《中华人民共和国民法典》保留了离婚损害赔偿制度并增加了兜底条款。学理上一般将离婚损害赔偿分为离因损害和离婚损害两种。从理论维度看,离因损害与离婚损害都存在难以逾越的理论困境。从比较法维度看,我国以离婚损害的立法例为参照,却制定了离因损害的规定;而在离因损害的立法例中,规定独立的离婚损害赔偿制度有画蛇添足之嫌。从司法实践维度看,法院对离婚损害赔偿制度适用中的若干重要问题的判决大相径庭。基于此,面对离婚损害赔偿制度理解与适用中的若干疑难问题,应当注意协调离婚损害赔偿与离婚财产分割之间的关系,同时在离婚损害赔偿制度不能有效发挥作用时,通过诉诸一般侵权责任的路径来实现保护当事人合法权益的功能。China’s Marriage Law,as amended in 2001,introduced provisions on divorce damage compensation,which the Civil Code has retained while adding a catch-all clause.In legal theory,divorce damage compensation is generally categorized into two types:cause-based damage compensation and divorcebased damage compensation.From a theoretical perspective,both types face insurmountable theoretical difficulties.From a comparative law perspective,while China referenced legislative examples of divorce-based damage compensation,it paradoxically enacted provisions for cause-based damage compensation.Moreover,in jurisdictions that adopt cause-based damage compensation,establishing an independent divorce damage compensation system appears redundant.From a judicial practice perspective,courts have rendered significantly divergent judgments on several crucial issues concerning the application of divorce damage compensation system.Given these circumstances,when addressing the complex issues in understanding and applying divorce damage compensation,attention should be paid to coordinating the relationship between divorce damage compensation and divorce property division.Furthermore,when the divorce damage compensation system fails to function effectively,protection of parties’legitimate rights and interests can be achieved through recourse to general tort liability principles.

关 键 词：离婚损害赔偿 离因损害 离婚损害 一般侵权责任 离婚财产分割 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]