未成年人犯罪预防中的平衡原则及其实施程序思考  

Reflections on the Principle of Balance and Implementation Procedures in the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency

作　　者：周振杰 Zhou Zhenjie

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2025年第4期31-39,共9页Henan Social Sciences

摘　　要：从最有利于儿童的原则出发,未成年人保护的最终目的应是保护未成年人身心健康、培养其良好品行。当前未成年人犯罪预防实践中的一些问题,例如,过于强调未成年犯罪人的特殊性、在犯罪行为发生之后“重保护、轻矫治”以及对未成年被害人权益保护不足,不但无利于反而有害于未成年人的身心健康。未成年人犯罪预防中的“未成年人”应既包括未成年犯罪人,也包括未成年被害人。“预防”既包括再犯预防,也包括初犯预防;既包括特殊预防,也包括一般预防。在未成年人犯罪预防中,应平衡对未成年犯罪人的保护与惩治、对未成年犯罪人与未成年被害人的保护、家庭之内与家庭之外的责任。实现这一原则的路径,是基于《预防未成年人犯罪法》中“及时进行分级预防、干预和矫治”的要求,以民政部门、专门学校、未成年人司法专门机构、社区矫正组织为基础,在全国范围内成立统一处理、具体甄别、层层分流、分别负责的未成年人犯罪预防系统。Proceeding from the principle of the best interests of children,the ultimate goal of juvenile protection should be to safeguard minors’physical and mental well-being and cultivate their positive moral development.Some issues in current practices of juvenile delinquency prevention,such as overemphasizing the exceptional status of juvenile offenders,adopting a protection-biased approach over rehabilitation post-offense,and inadequate safeguarding of juvenile victims’rights,not only undermine but may actively harm minors’holistic development.Within the context of juvenile delinquency prevention,the term“minors”encompasses both juvenile offenders and juvenile victims;“prevention”integrates both recidivism prevention and primary prevention,as well as special prevention and general prevention.In the prevention of juvenile delinquency,there should be a balance between protecting and punishing juvenile offenders,protecting juvenile offenders and juvenile victims,and responsibilities within and outside the family.The path to realizing the principle is based on the requirement in the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency for“timely graded prevention,intervention,and correction”.The minor crime prevention system should be established on the basis of civil affairs departments,special schools,juvenile justice specialized institutions and community correction organizations,and a unified processing,specific screening,tiered diversion and institutional responsibility system for minor crimes should be established nationwide.

关 键 词：未成年人 犯罪预防 刑罚目的 平衡原则 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]