刑法司法解释的形式问题及完善原则:基于1491份解释文件的实证研究  

Formative Issues and Perfective Principles of Criminal Law Judicial Interpretation:An Empirical Study of 1,491 Files

作　　者：熊谋林[1] 金朝榜 Xiong Moulin;Jin Chaobang

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学法学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川行政学院法学教研部,四川成都610072

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2025年第1期34-59,共26页Huxiang Law Revie

摘　　要：近年来,理论界和实务界对司法解释的扩张问题展开了热烈讨论,促使全国人大及“两高”不断出台相关文件管理司法解释。尽管刑法学家的学术批判较为强烈,但对于刑法司法解释的历史、现状及沿革问题却鲜有实证研究。也正因为如此,刑法司法解释呈现出老问题重现、新问题不断的局面,诸多实体和程序规范收效甚微。以准确认识司法解释全貌为前提,从法律、司法、学理三个维度梳理其定义后,以现实层面的刑法司法解释为基础,收集并整理出1949年以来的1491份刑法司法解释文件。从形式层面对这些司法解释展开实证分析,发现刑法司法解释呈现出阶段式递增趋势以及主体多元化、名称多样化等特征,但主体不适格、名称混乱、不必要解释等问题突出。因此,司法解释需在形式上坚持主体限定、名称固定、必要性解释原则。The overextension of judicial interpretations has led to a heated discussion between theorists and practitioners in recent years,thus it pushes the National People’s Congress Standing Committee and the Supreme People’s Court as well as Supreme People’s Procuratorate to keep issuing relevant documents to manage judicial interpretations.The strong criticisms from criminal law theorists are abundant;nevertheless,empirical studies are scanty concerning the history,current situation,and development of criminal law interpretations.That is why the old problems of judicial interpretations reappeared and new bugs occur again and again.Consequently,there is less effective administration on substantive and procedural supervisions.By identifying the profiles of judicial interpretations,this paper assorted the definitions on the legal,judicial,and theoretical aspects,and then collected 1491 files of criminal law interpretations since 1949.Focusing on the formative issues of judicial interpretations,this empirical study indicates that interpretation of criminal law appears to exhibit a periodically increasing trend.Diverse subjects,and various titles,the unauthorized subjects,chaotic titles,and unessential interpretations are still the main issues.The article accordingly calls for three formative principles for better management on criminal law interpretations:the authorized subjects,the fixed titles,and the essential interpretation.

关 键 词：刑法解释 司法解释 解释主体 罪刑法定原则 刑事立法 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]