城市公共服务设施空间布局、人才流入与城市空间效率  

The Spatial Layout of Urban Public Service Facilities,Flow of Talents and Urban Spatial Efficiency

作　　者：魏新月 田伟腾 WEI Xinyue;TIAN Weiteng(China Academy of Transportation Science,Beijing 100029,China;School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029 [2]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《统计与信息论坛》2025年第4期115-128,共14页Journal of Statistics and Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“开发区工业用地价格影响企业间资源配置效率:效应评估、机制分析与政策优化”(72203157);国家自然科学基金青年项目“虚拟集聚对城市创新的影响研究:基于认知邻近视角”(72103080)。

摘　　要：在中国城镇化由速度向深度转变的重要时期,高效率是城市未来发展方向,要素资源合理的空间布局成为提升城市空间效率的重要突破口。基于新空间经济学理论,利用中国公共服务设施与居住小区的POI的微观数据,分别从公共服务设施的空间可达性与空间均等两方面衡量公共服务设施空间布局。研究发现:(1)公共服务设施空间可达性与城市空间效率呈现倒U型的关系,公共服务设施空间均等的优化可以促进城市空间效率提升;(2)公共服务设施的空间可达性和空间均等均会因城市不同的行政等级和发展阶段而对城市空间效率的影响存在差异;(3)基于新空间经济学理论,实证验证了公共服务设施空间布局的优化可以吸引高素质人才的流入,进而促进城市空间效率的提升。因此,以《城市居住区规划设计标准》为标准,提出缓解公共服务设施与居住小区空间不匹配的问题;增加教育、基层医疗机构和公园绿地等公共服务在城市外围区域的投入;针对不同城市的特点,有差别地分类规划公共服务设施空间布局;通过改善城市公共服务设施空间配置,提升城市宜居性,进而吸引人才流入。During the important period of urbanization in China,shifting from speed to depth,efficient urban development is the direction of future urban development,and the reasonable spatial layout of factor resources has become an important breakthrough in improving urban spatial efficiency.Based on the theory of new spatial economics,micro data on the POI of public service facilities and residential communities in China is used to measure the spatial layout of public service facilities from two aspects:spatial accessibility and spatial equality.It is found that:There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the spatial accessibility of public service facilities and urban spatial efficiency,and the optimization of spatial equality of public service facilities can promote the improvement of urban spatial efficiency;The spatial accessibility and spatial equality of public service facilities will have certain differences in their impact on urban spatial efficiency due to different administrative levels and density of the city;Based on the theory of new spatial economics,it has been empirically verified that optimizing the spatial layout of public service facilities can attract the influx of high-quality talents,thereby promoting the improvement of urban spatial efficiency.From the conclusions,it is proposed to use the“Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standards”as the standard to alleviate the symptoms of spatial mismatch between public service facilities and residential areas;Increase investment in public services such as education,grassroots medical institutions,and parks and green spaces in the peripheral areas of cities;Classify and plan the spatial layout of public service facilities differently based on the characteristics of different cities;By improving the spatial configuration of urban public service facilities and enhancing the livability of the city,talents can be attracted inflow.

关 键 词：公共服务设施空间布局 公共服务设施空间可达性 公共服务设施空间均等 城市空间效率 人才流入 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] F294[经济管理—国民经济]