数字农业新质生产力的实践探索——基于数字化养猪的调查  

Practical Exploration of New Quality Productivity of Digital Agriculture:Based on the Investigation of Digital Pig Breeding

作　　者：王惠 吴惠芳[1] WANG Hui;WU Huifang

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100193

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期177-188,共12页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“小农户融入多功能农业产业链的社会学研究”(20BSH064);“清华大学中国农村研究院博士论文奖学金项目”(202325);“2023年中国农业大学研究生自主创新研究基金项目”。

摘　　要：农业新质生产力是推动农业高质量发展的新动能,数字农业是农业新质生产力的实践探索。基于对数字化养猪企业和农业科技企业的调查,分析发现生猪养殖业推进数字化转型受到国家和市场的外部动力驱动,但更重要的是企业自身生产管理的内生动力驱动。数字养殖丰富了农业新质生产力的实践,形成了“机器人”的新型劳动组合、经育种系统筛选后的新型劳动对象、“机器管人”的新型劳动关系、被重构的新型劳动时空、绿色可持续发展的新型生产方式。然而,数字养猪遭遇了自上而下研发推广的新型劳动工具脱离实际需求、高额的试错成本、新型劳动工具与劳动者及劳动对象不协调等农业新质生产力发展困境。因此,仍需从劳动者主体、多元主体协同参与、新型生产关系等角度进一步探索优化路径。Developing new-quality agricultural productivity is a key driver for advancing high-quality agricultural development.Digital agriculture represents a practical exploration of this new-quality productivity in agriculture.Based on an investigation of two digital pig farming enterprises and two agricultural technology companies,the analysis reveals that the digital transformation of the pig breeding industry is propelled by both external forces,such as national policies and market demands,and the internal drive of enterprise production management.Digital pig farming has enriched the application of new-quality agricultural productivity,leading to the formation of a novel labor combination with“robots,”a new labor object refined by breeding systems,a new labor relationship characterized by“machine-managed labor,”a restructured labor space and time,and a new production model focused on green and sustainable development.However,digital pig farming faces challenges in the advancement of new-quality agricultural productivity,including top-down research and development of new labor tools,high costs associated with trial and error,and mismatches between new labor tools and workers as well as labor objects.Consequently,it is essential to further investigate optimization strategies from the perspectives of labor subjects,multi-party collaborative involvement,and the establishment of new production relations.

关 键 词：数字养猪 农业新质生产力 劳动者主体 

分 类 号：C915[经济管理]