新就业形态劳动者职业伤害保险法律问题研究  

Research on Legal Issues of Occupational Injury Insurance for Workers in New Forms of Employment

作　　者：胡鹏 HU Peng(School of Insurance,Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance,Shanghai 201209)

机构地区：[1]上海立信会计金融学院保险学院,上海201209

出　　处：《上海立信会计金融学院学报》2024年第3期34-47,共14页Journal of Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance

基　　金：2021年上海市哲学社会科学规划课题(2021EFX008)。

摘　　要：随着平台经济、共享经济等新业态的迅猛发展,新就业形态劳动者规模不断增加。新就业形态对支撑就业基本面、普惠民生具有重要作用。然而,新就业形态劳动者在工作中遭受交通事故等职业伤害后,常常因为不能参加工伤保险而无法享受相应的工伤待遇。这一问题的根源在于现行工伤保险制度只能涵盖建立劳动关系的劳动者,平台新就业形态具有雇佣关系灵活化、工作时间碎片化、工作方式弹性化的特点,同时流动性强、组织程度偏低,使其欠缺人格从属性,无法认定劳动关系,进而与工伤保险制度存在根本冲突。新就业形态劳动者通过平台提供独立自主的劳务,虽然欠缺人格从属性,但他们在平台工作赚取的收入是其主要的经济来源,形成了强烈的经济从属性,因其经济条件较为有限,更需要社会保障的支持。因此,我国应创设独立的职业伤害保险制度为新就业形态劳动者提供必要的社会保障。With the booming development of new business forms such as platform economy and sharing economy,the number of workers in new forms of employment is continuously increasing.New forms of employment play an important role in supporting the fundamentals of employment and benefiting people's livelihoods.However,after workers in new forms of employment suffer occupational injuries such as traffic accidents at work,they often cannot enjoy corresponding work-related injury benefits because they cannot participate in work-related injury insurance.The root of the problem lies in the fact that the current work-related injury insurance can only cover workers who have established labor relations.The new forms of employment on platforms have the characteristics of flexible employment relationships,fragmented working hours,and adaptable working methods.Meanwhile,due to strong mobility and low degree of organization,these workers lack personal subordination and their labor relations cannot be recognized,thus having a fundamental conflict with work-related injury insurance.Workers in new forms of employment provide independent labor services through platform methods.Although they lack personal subordination,the main source of income of these workers is earned by consistently taking orders on the platform,thereby forming a strong economic subordination.The weak economic position of these workers determines that their basic right of survival should be guaranteed.Therefore,China should create an independent occupational injury insurance system to provide necessary social security for workers in new forms of employment.

关 键 词：新就业形态劳动者 劳动关系 工伤保险 经济从属性 职业伤害保险 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学] F49[政治法律—法学] F842.4[经济管理—产业经济]