从“以龙喻人”到“以龙喻文”:《文心雕龙》“龙”义发覆  

From Metaphorizing People with Loong(龙)to Metaphorizing Literature with Loong:An Unveiling of the Meaning of Loong in Wen Xin DiaoL ong

作　　者：黄交军[1] 李国英 Huang Jiaojun;Li Guoying(Guiyang University,Guiyang,Guizhou,550005;Qingyan Guihuang Junior High School in Guiyang,Guiyang,Guizhou,550027)

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵阳市青岩贵璜中学,贵州贵阳550027

出　　处：《语文学刊》2025年第1期1-32,共32页Journal of Language and Literature Studies

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金项目“商周金文名物词研究”(19BYY157);2020年度贵州省哲学社会科学规划课题“语言类型学视阈下贵阳方言声调的实验研究”(20GZZD42);2016年度贵州省教育厅高校人文社会科学研究项目“文化人类学视野下的身份困惑与民族秘史——话说贵州穿青族的前世今生”(2016ZC011);贵阳学院院级项目立项资助课题“《说文解字》与中国先民生态文化研究”(10976200903)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：龙是中华文明的完美象征,在中国传统比兴手法熏陶下,龙作为一种常规隐喻实现了“以龙喻人”到“以龙喻文”的转变、拓展、超越。基于汉魏至六朝士子“世擅雕龙”的文学盛况,刘勰进行了理论总结并予以创新构建起中国古代文论完整体系,从传世文献、出土文献、域外汉籍与《文心雕龙》元典等均可证实刘勰对“雕龙”一语的充分肯定。刘氏不仅深谙儒、道,且精通佛理,使得《文心雕龙》甫一问世便已具备国际化的理论元素,在陆海丝绸之路、汉字文化圈影响深远,遂壮大成“龙学”显学。龙在东西方文化中形成鲜明对照,故《文心雕龙》在全球化背景下与世界进行文论对话、平等交流时首先面临“龙”这个文化关键词、文化负载词的中西对译。本文借助海外汉学家们的“异域之眼”,经过反复辩证,我们总结出了《文心雕龙》题名的结构关系及其准确释义,并建议学界选择“loong”译法而舍弃“dragon”误译,从而助推中国文化走出去、“龙学”国学海外宣介。Loong(龙)is perfect symbol of the Chinese civilization.Under the influence of the traditional Chinese metaphor,Loong,as a conventional metaphor,has realized the expansion,transformation and transcendence from metaphorizing people with Loong to metaphorizing literature with Loong.Based on the literary prosperity with generations being good at carving Loong of the scholars from the Han and Wei Dynasties to Six Dynasties Period,Liu Xie made a theoretical summary and innovation and construct a complete system of China's ancient literary theory.His full affirmation of“carving Loong”can be confirmed from the handed down documents,unearthed documents,overseas Chinese books and the original scriptures of Wen Xin Diao Long.He was not only well versed in Confucianism and Taoism,but also proficient in Buddhism,which made the advent of Wen Xin Diao Long have international theoretical elements.Wen Xin Diao Long had a far-reaching impact on the land and sea Silk Road and the cultural circle of Chinese characters,and then grew into a studies of Loong and distinguished school.The Loong has formed a sharp contrast between eastern and western cultures.Therefore,when the Wen Xin Diao Long carries out the literary theory dialogue and equal communication with the world in the context of globalization,it first faces the Chinese-western translation of Loong as a cultural keyword and culture-loaded word.With exotic vision of sinologists,we have summed up the structural relationship and accurate interpretation of the title of Wen Xin Diao Long after dialectics.All in all,we suggest that the academic circle should choose the translation method of Loong and abandon the mistranslation of dragon,so as to make the Chinese culture go out and promote the overseas publicity of studies of Loong.

关 键 词：龙 《文心雕龙》 以龙喻人 以龙喻文 龙学 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]