科学研究的“项目化生存”与原始创新困境——基于高校和科研机构研究人员的问卷调查分析  

The Dilemma of"Project-Based Survival"and Primitive Innovation in Scientific Research:Analysis Based on Questionnaire Survey of Researchers from Universities and Research Institutes

作　　者：谢志岿[1] 李卓 蒋绚 Xie Zhikui;Li Zhuo;Jiang Xuan(Institute of CCP's Leadershhip and National Governance Modernization,Shenzhen Municipal School of CCP,Shenzhen 518040,China;School of Criminology,People's Public Security University of China,Beijing100038,China;Institute of Shenzhen-Hongkong Consolidated Development,Shenzhen MSU-BIT University,Shenzhen 518172,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市委党校党的领导和国家治理现代化研究中心,广东深圳518040 [2]中国人民公安大学犯罪学学院,北京100038 [3]深圳北理莫斯科大学深港融合发展研究中心,广东深圳518172

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2025年第2期1-9,共9页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“粤港澳大湾区创新共同体背景下科技与产业跨境协同治理研究”(20BGL229)。

摘　　要：原始创新是我国科技强国建设与新质生产力发展的关键驱力。近年来,我国的科研资助力度持续增强,促进了我国科学技术的快速繁荣,但知识生产中“从0到1”原始创新匮乏的问题仍未得到根本改观。本研究围绕原始创新性科学研究及其所处的科研资助制度环境,以我国高校与科研院所的一线科研人员为对象,通过问卷调查与实地观察的多元方法,对我国科研资助环境对原始创新的影响与阻碍进行剖析与诠释。研究发现,原始创新不足的原因来自许多方面,从科研管理体制来看,将承担项目作为评价科研机构和科研人员的决定性条件所形成的“项目化生存”是影响原始创新的重要原因。“项目化生存”在追赶型科研阶段促进了我国科技产出的快速提升,但也引发了“全民申报项目”、科研效率悖论、短期成果导向的问题,使原始创新研究所需的人才存量、优才选拔、科研经费、科研注意力、自主科研的时间与空间这几个方面的基本资源发生严重错配,阻滞了原始创新的形成。在引领型科研阶段,应改变“项目化生存”的科研资助和管理体制,从学科评价、科研考核、立项管理等整体体系的角度进行改良,树立以科研实绩而不是科研项目为导向的科研评价体制,让科研资助回归本质。Primitive innovation is a key driving force for China's construction of a strong scientific and technological country and the development of new quality productive forces.In recent years,China's research funding has continued to increase,promoting the rapid prosperity of science and technology in the country.However,the problem of the lack of original innovation from scratch in knowledge production has not been fundamentally improved.Thus,this paper,through a survey and on-site observation toward the researchers from the universities and research institutes in China,aims to analyze the relation between original research and the research funding system and discover the main obstacles of the funding system to original innovation.it reveals that the reasons for insufficient original innovation are multifaceted.From the perspective of scientific research management system,the"project-based survival"formed by taking on projects as the decisive condition for evaluating scientific research institutions and personnel is an important factor affecting original innovation.The"project-based survival"has promoted the rapid improvement of China's scientific and technological output in the catch-up stage of scientific research,but it has also caused problems such as"universal application for research projects",research efficiency paradox,and short-term achievement orientation,which seriously mismatches the basic resources required for original innovation research in terms of talent stock,talent selection,research funding,research attention,and the time and space of potential original innovation,hindering the formation of original innovation.In the leading research stage,it is necessary to change the"project-based survival"research funding and management system,establish a research evaluation system guided by research achievements rather than research projects,and return research funding to its essence.

关 键 词：原始创新 项目化生存 科研项目 科研评价 创新资源 体制机制 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学] G301