博士生科研意愿的影响因素及形成机制——基于扎根理论编码方法的质性研究  

Influencing Factors and Formation Mechanism of Doctoral Students'Research Willingness:The Qualitative Research Based on Grounded Theory Coding Techniques

作　　者：于妍 肖艳秋 Yu Yan;Xiao Yanqiu(School of Humanities and Social Science,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学人文社会科学学院,北京100191 [2]郑州轻工业大学,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2025年第2期159-166,共8页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大项目“科技自立自强背景下高校有组织科研研究”(VIA230005);河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目“地方院校学位授予单位高质量建设发展路径研究与实践”(2021SJGLX026Y);北京市教育科学“十四五”规划青年专项课题“AI+交叉学科人才培养的困境与对策研究”(ADCA23102)。

摘　　要：学术环境、组织环境和制度环境在发展变革过程中面临诸多挑战,导致博士生实施科研行为的意愿不高。为探究影响博士生科研意愿的影响因素及其作用机制,基于7所高校的15位博士生和5位博士生导师的访谈文本,运用扎根理论的编码技术提取出主体偏好、收获与压力预期、能力与任务匹配、导师嵌入、科研环境5个核心影响要素,并基于此构建博士生科研意愿形成机制的理论模型。结果表明:收获与压力预期、能力与任务匹配共同反映了博士生对科研的价值权衡,直接影响其科研意愿;导师嵌入不仅直接影响博士生的科研意愿,还调节价值权衡与科研意愿两者之间的关系;由主体偏好和科研环境共同构成的科研内外部情境一方面通过影响价值权衡间接作用于博士生科研意愿,另一方面在价值权衡与科研意愿的关系中起到调节作用。基于研究结果,建议从增强博士生科研认同感、完善博士生科研制度、发挥导师的领头羊作用、营造良好的科研环境四方面提高博士生科研意愿。The academic environment,organizational environment,and institutional environment face many challenges in the process of development and change,which leads to a low willingness among doctoral students to engage in scientific research.To explore the factors affecting the willingness of doctoral students and the underlying mechanisms,this paper employs grounded theory coding techniques to analyze interview transcripts from 15 doctoral students and 5 doctoral supervisors across seven universities,and five core influencing factors are identified:individual preferences,expectations of rewards and pressure,ability-task matching,supervisor embedding,and research environment,based on these factors,a theoretical model of the formation mechanism of doctoral students'scientific research willingness is constructed.The results indicate that xpectations of rewards and pressure,as well as the ability-task matching,jointly reflect doctoral students'value trade-offs in research,directly affecting their willingness to conduct research,while supervisor embedding not only has a direct impact on doctoral students'research willingness but also moderates the relationship between value trade-offs and research willingness.Additionally,the internal and external context,constituted by individual preferences and the research environment,influences doctoral students'research willingness indirectly by shaping value trade-offs while also playing a moderating role in the relationship between value trade-offs and research willingness.Based on the research results,it suggests enhancing doctoral students'research identification,improving doctoral research policies,strengthening supervisors'leadership roles,and fostering a supportive research environment to increase doctoral students'willingness to engage in scientific research.

关 键 词：博士生 科研意愿 科研压力 导生关系 科研环境 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学] G622G301