中国高水平实验室体系建设的现状、问题与优化路径  

The Current Situation,Problems and Optimization Pathways of the Construction of High-Level Laboratory System in China

作　　者：陈德余 梁艳霞 周惠琼 熊婉清 Chen Deyu;Liang Yanxia;Zhou Huiqiong;Xiong Wanqing(Guangzhou College of Commerce,Guangzhou 511325,China;Guangzhou Kangda Vocational Technical College,Guangzhou 511325,China)

机构地区：[1]广州商学院,广东广州511325 [2]广州康大职业技术学院,广东广州511325

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2025年第3期111-119,共9页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：广东省教育厅高等教育规划课题“九进四融课程思政长效机制研究”(2023GXJK580)。

摘　　要：高水平实验室作为促进国家技术创新和产业升级的重要基地,是国家实现科技创新和国家发展的重要举措。为进一步推进和完善中国高水平实验室体系建设,基于建设高水平实验室、培养一流科研人才的重要性角度,阐述中国高水平实验室体系建设的现状以及中国高水平实验室体系建设存在的问题。汇总有关资料后发现,以教育部、中国科学院和高校为主管的中国高水平实验室占比超过90%,社会力量参与严重不足;各省份在同一领域重复建设实验室的现象普遍;此外,存在核心技术攻关不足、有组织科研团队缺乏、科研成果转化力量薄弱等问题。通过回顾梳理世界主要发达国家建设高水平实验室的经验做法和中国高水平实验室体系建设的保障机制,由此提出强化顶层设计、打造高水平研究团队、加强科研协作、强化核心技术攻关、统筹有组织科研团队等具体政策建议。High-level laboratories,as important bases for promoting national technological innovation and industrial upgrading,are an important measure for the national scientific and technological innovation and national development.In order to further advance and improve the construction of China's high-level laboratory system,this study explores the current state of its construction and existing challenges from the perspective of the importance of building highlevel laboratories and cultivating top-tier research talent.From the summary of relevant information,it is found that the proportion of China's high-level laboratories managed by the Ministry of Education,Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities exceeds 90%,and the participation of social forces is seriously insufficient.The phenomenon of regions repeatedly establishing laboratories in the same field is widespread.Additionally,there are issues such as insufficient breakthroughs in core technologies,a lack of well-organized research teams,and weak capacity for translating scientific research into practical applications.To address this,by reviewing and summarizing the experience and practices of the major developed countries in building high-level laboratories,as well as the support mechanisms for the development of China's high-level laboratory system,it proposes specific policy recommendations such as strengthening top-level design,building high-level research teams,strengthening scientific research collaboration and core technology research development,and coordinating organized scientific research teams.

关 键 词：高水平实验室 实验室体系 管理制度 有组织科研 财政投入 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学] G301