浅埋近距离煤层采空区下综采面覆岩破断机理及压架预测  

Mechanism of Overlying Rock Fracture and Prediction of Pressure Support in Fully Mechanized Mining Face under Goaf of Shallow Buried and Close Distance Coal Seam

作　　者：刘晓明 LIU Xiaoming(Meihuajing Coal Mine,CHN Energy Ningxia Coal Company Limited,Lingwu 751400,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司梅花井煤矿,宁夏灵武751400

出　　处：《煤炭技术》2025年第3期25-30,共6页Coal Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52374092)。

摘　　要：为了预防覆岩铰接岩块在煤壁处断裂失稳而导致的压架事故,通过构建采空区上方基本顶破断岩块应力影响下的下煤层顶板破断力学分析模型,推导出下煤层顶板于煤壁处断裂的支架临界支护强度,提出了下煤层顶板在煤壁处断裂后铰接岩块的失稳判据,然后基于支架临界支护强度及失稳判据对双马一矿4煤组压架事故进行预测,并分析了支架临界支护强度对各参数的敏感性。结果表明:支架临界支护强度会随着顶部岩层荷载的增加呈线性增长,随着顶部断裂岩块旋转角的增加呈指数型增长。当采空区上方覆岩断裂岩块旋转角达到42°时,下煤层基本顶将在煤壁处发生断裂,但铰接岩块不会失稳;当旋转角达到48°时,铰接岩块失稳,将发生压架事故。支架临界支护强度对顶部断裂岩块的旋转角具有最大敏感性。该研究可为类似条件下的浅埋近距离煤层开采压架事故的防治提供理论依据。In order to prevent the failure of the hinged rock blocks of the overlying rock at the coal wall,which can lead to frame compression accidents.By constructing a mechanical analysis model for the fracture of the lower coal seam roof under the influence of the stress of the basic broken rock block above the goaf,the critical support strength of the support for the fracture of the lower coal seam roof at the coal wall is derived,and the instability criterion for the hinged rock block after the fracture of the lower coal seam roof at the coal wall is proposed.Then,based on the critical support strength and instability criterion of the support,a prediction of the 4 coal seam group pressure frame accident in Shuangma No.1 mine is made,and the sensitivity of the critical support strength of the support to various parameters was analyzed.The results show that the critical support strength of the support increases linearly with the increase of the top rock load,and exponentially with the increase of the rotation angle of the top fractured rock block.When the rotation angle of the overlying rock fracture block above the goaf reaches 42°,the basic roof of the lower coal seam will fracture at the coal wall,but the articulated rock block will not lose stability;when the rotation angle reaches 48°,the hinged rock block becomes unstable and a frame compression accident will occur.The critical support strength of the support has the greatest sensitivity to the rotation angle of the top fractured rock block.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pressure frame accidents in shallow and close distance coal seam mining under similar conditions.

关 键 词：采空区 浅埋近距离煤层 覆岩破断 压架 失稳 

分 类 号：TD355[矿业工程—矿井建设]