作为侵占的测量:“测量一切”为何无法成功  

Measurement as Encroachment:Why“Measuring Everything”Cannot Succeed

作　　者：张乾友[1] ZHANG Qianyou(School of Government,Nanjing University)

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《公共管理评论》2024年第4期282-296,共15页China Public Administration Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“国家治理中的非预期结果及其应对研究”(项目批准号:23AZZ013)的资助。

摘　　要：测量是组织生活的一部分,当代组织正在试图将一切组织活动都纳入测量之中。测量范围的不断扩张,隐含了一种关于组织合理化与社会进步的假设:通过测量,所有人在组织中的实际贡献都将得到精准呈现,其结果既能助力个人的自我提升,也能优化组织的资源分配机制;进而,每个人都基于测量结果来寻找自己的不足、改进自己的工作,最终推动组织与社会效率的提升;组织基于测量结果来分配资源,使内部资源的分配更加公平。当所有组织的内部分配都更加公平,结果就是促进了社会公平。但在实践中,测量并未带来上述效果。由于测量的本质在于侵占,它反而引发测量对象普遍的反侵占行为,使得组织生活变成侵占与反侵占的持续斗争。Measurement is an integral part of organizational life,with contemporary organizations striving to measure all their activities.Such an expansion of measurement is based on the assumption that it will lead to organizational rationalization and social progress.The idea is that through measurement,the true contributions of individuals within the organization can be accurately represented,benefiting both personal development and resource allocations.Furthermore,individuals can identify their weaknesses and improve their work based on measurement,ultimately increasing organizational and social efficiency.Measurement also enables organizations to allocate resources more fairly,promoting internal equity and,by extension,social justice.However,the reality is far from these anticipated outcomes.Instead,the current obsession with“measuring everything”has resulted in pervasive tensions between employees and their organizations.This article posits that this discord arises because measurement,at its core,is an act of encroachment.Unlike displacement,which is a static,zero-sum game whereby one values territory expands at the expense of anothers within a fixed value space,encroachment is an aggressive expansion,whereby the encroacher continually seizes more value from the one being encroached upon.As an encroacher,measurement seeks to strip the measured object of its value-creating capacity,inevitably provoking resistance and leading to widespread organizational strife and conflict,and thus failing to achieve the promised rationalization and progress.This realization shifts our perspective on measurement.Historically viewed as a technical procedure in organizational performance management,the role of measurement has been to transform employeesindividual value-creating actions into quantifiable performance metrics that organizations can then standardize.This allows for a uniform comparison and recognition of all employeesvalue-creating behaviors.Given that organizational work represents the fundamental value-creating path f

关 键 词：测量 绩效管理 侵占 反侵占 

分 类 号：D26[政治法律—政治学]