2020—2023年郑州某医院HIV确证试验带型及人群特征  

Band profiles and population characteristics of HIV confirmatory test in a hospital of Zhengzhou from 2020 to 2023

作　　者：张磊[1] 秦东春[1] 李楠[1] 胡笑梅 陈清宙 ZHANG Lei;QIN Dong-chun;LI Nan;HU Xiao-mei;CHEN Qing-zhou(Department of Clinical laboratory,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450052,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院检验科,河南省检验医学重点实验室,郑州450052

出　　处：《医药论坛杂志》2025年第2期163-169,共7页Journal of Medical Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82202519)。

摘　　要：目的 回顾性分析人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)抗体确证试验的带型及人群特征,为医疗机构职业暴露预防和艾滋病防控提供科学依据。方法 收集郑州大学第一附属医院2020年1月—2023年12月HIV抗体复检阳性(双阳或一阳一阴)的标本,采用免疫印迹法或重组免疫印迹法进行HIV抗体确证试验。结果 457例样本经HIV抗体确证检测,HIV-1抗体阳性423例,确证阳性率92.56%,男女比例为4.42∶1。条带以全带和次全带为主,gp160条带频率为100%。HIV-1抗体阳性、不确定和阴性人群在性别(P=0.259)、民族(P=0.116)、婚姻(P=0.662)、户籍地(P=0.581)、教育(P=0.488)和职业(P=0.714)等差异均无统计学意义,年龄(P=0.007)方面的差异有统计学意义。HIV感染者以男性、19~60岁、已婚、初中及以下学历以及无业等群体为主。HIV感染者主要分布于呼吸科、皮肤科和感染科,临床表现多样化,症状不典型,艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)占一定比例。结论 艾滋病疫情防控应重点关注低学历的中青年男性群体,针对性地加强艾滋病科普宣传和行为干预。医疗机构应扩大HIV初筛范围以避免漏检,提高HIV感染早期诊断率,做好术前标准预防,避免职业暴露。Objective To provide scientific basis for occupational exposure prevention and HIV/AIDS prevention and control in medical institutions,we retrospectively analyzed band profiles and population characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) confirmatory test.Methods Samples with at least one positive result(+/+ or +/-) of HIV suspected patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected and confirmed with western blot(WB) or recombination immunoblot assay(RIBA).Results Confirmatory test was performed on a total of 457 HIV-suspected samples.HIV-1 antibody positive cases were 423(92.56%).The male and female sex ratio was 4.42∶1.Full band and sub-full band were mainly observed in confirmatory test.gp160 was the most prevalent band,with the ratio of 100%.There were no significant differences in gender(P=0.259),ethnicity(P=0.116),marriage(P=0.662),domicile(P=0.581),education(P=0.488) and occupation(P=0.714),and with statistically difference in age distribution(P=0.007) among HIV-1 antibody positive,indeterminate and negative groups.The HIV-1 infections were mainly male,married,aged 19 to 60 years old,peasantry and unemployed people,and with education level of junior high school and lower.HIV-1 infected patients mainly distributed in the Department of Respiratory Medicine,Dermatology and Infectious Disease.The clinical manifestations were diverse and atypical,with a certain proportion of patients in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) stage.Conclusion We should focus on young and middle-aged men with lower education and strengthen the popularization of AIDS prevention and behavioral intervention.Medical institutions should extend the coverage for HIV screening tests to avoid missed diagnosis and improve the diagnosis rate of HIV infection earlier.Preoperative standard precautions should be taken to avoid occupational exposure.

关 键 词：人类免疫缺陷病毒 确证试验 免疫印迹 重组免疫印迹 带型 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]